{"id":100,"date":"2023-12-13T17:46:49","date_gmt":"2023-12-13T16:46:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/zvaranie.mtf.stuba.sk\/?page_id=100"},"modified":"2024-02-20T14:15:00","modified_gmt":"2024-02-20T13:15:00","slug":"adhezne-sposoby-spajania-materialov","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/zvaranie.mtf.stuba.sk\/?page_id=100","title":{"rendered":"Adh\u00e9zne sp\u00f4soby sp\u00e1jania materi\u00e1lov"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-1 fusion-flex-container nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"max-width:1248px;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-0 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:100%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:1.92%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:0px;--awb-spacing-left-large:1.92%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-1\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-1\">\n<p>Adh\u00e9zne sp\u00e1janie materi\u00e1lov patr\u00ed k&nbsp;pokrokov\u00fdm met\u00f3dam sp\u00e1jania r\u00f4znych materi\u00e1lov a je jedn\u00fdm z&nbsp;d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fdch prvkov procesu moderniz\u00e1cie priemyslu. Postupne sa roz\u0161iruje do v\u00e4\u010d\u0161iny v\u00fdrobn\u00fdch odvetv\u00ed, kam prin\u00e1\u0161a mnoho \u0161pecifick\u00fdch kon\u0161truk\u010dn\u00fdch a technologick\u00fdch prednost\u00ed. Patr\u00ed k&nbsp;najd\u00f4le\u017eitej\u0161\u00edm alternat\u00edvam v&nbsp;automatiz\u00e1cii mont\u00e1\u017enych a dokon\u010dovac\u00edch pr\u00e1c.<\/p>\n<p>Oproti in\u00fdm technol\u00f3gi\u00e1m pri adh\u00e9znom sp\u00e1jan\u00ed nie je (okrem chemick\u00fdch \u00fa\u010dinkov) ovplyvnen\u00fd z\u00e1kladn\u00fd materi\u00e1l adh\u00e9zne sp\u00e1jan\u00e9ho spoja (oproti zv\u00e1raniu, obr\u00e1baniu a pod.). D\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fdm atrib\u00fatom adh\u00e9zne sp\u00e1jan\u00fdch spojov je ich vysok\u00e1 bezpe\u010dnos\u0165 pri poruche, ktor\u00e1 spo\u010d\u00edva v&nbsp;tom, \u017ee vrstva adhez\u00edva je schopn\u00e1 izolova\u0165 vplyv \u0161\u00edriacej sa trhliny v&nbsp;kove.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Adh\u00e9zne sp\u00e1janie sa mus\u00ed ch\u00e1pa\u0165 ako plnohodnotn\u00fd doplnok klasick\u00fdch met\u00f3d sp\u00e1jania, ku ktor\u00fdm patr\u00ed napr. nitovanie, zv\u00e1ranie, sp\u00e1jkovanie a nie ako ich n\u00e1hrada. Vyzna\u010duje sa mnoh\u00fdmi v\u00fdhodami, ale i limituj\u00facimi faktormi, a preto pri rozhodovan\u00ed o type spoja je potrebn\u00e9 zv\u00e1\u017ei\u0165 prednosti a nedostatky tejto technol\u00f3gie v\u00a0porovnan\u00ed s&nbsp;ostatn\u00fdmi sp\u00f4sobmi sp\u00e1jania. V\u00fdsledkom adh\u00e9zneho sp\u00e1jania je vznik nerozoberate\u013en\u00e9ho spoja, pri ktorom sa vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa adh\u00e9zne sily medzi adhez\u00edvom a sp\u00e1jan\u00fdmi s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ami a vlastn\u00e1 koh\u00e9zia adhez\u00edva [1].<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-separator fusion-full-width-sep\" style=\"align-self: center;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;margin-bottom:20px;width:100%;\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-builder-row-inner fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"width:104% !important;max-width:104% !important;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column_inner fusion-builder-nested-column-0 fusion_builder_column_inner_1_2 1_2 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:50%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:3.84%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:3.84%;--awb-width-medium:50%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:3.84%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:3.84%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-video fusion-youtube\" style=\"--awb-max-width:600px;--awb-max-height:360px;--awb-align-self:center;--awb-width:100%;\"><div class=\"video-shortcode\"><div class=\"fluid-width-video-wrapper\" style=\"padding-top:60%;\" ><iframe title=\"YouTube video player 1\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/VFn83lMJ7Cg?wmode=transparent&autoplay=0\" width=\"600\" height=\"360\" allowfullscreen allow=\"autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture;\"><\/iframe><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column_inner fusion-builder-nested-column-1 fusion_builder_column_inner_1_2 1_2 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:50%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:3.84%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:3.84%;--awb-width-medium:50%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:3.84%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:3.84%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-video fusion-youtube\" style=\"--awb-max-width:600px;--awb-max-height:360px;--awb-align-self:center;--awb-width:100%;\"><div class=\"video-shortcode\"><div class=\"fluid-width-video-wrapper\" style=\"padding-top:60%;\" ><iframe title=\"YouTube video player 2\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/dWAvPH8aACs?wmode=transparent&autoplay=0\" width=\"600\" height=\"360\" allowfullscreen allow=\"autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture;\"><\/iframe><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-separator fusion-full-width-sep\" style=\"align-self: center;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;margin-bottom:20px;width:100%;\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-2\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-2\">\n<h2>Z\u00e1kladn\u00e9 pojmy adh\u00e9zie a koh\u00e9zie<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-3\">\n<p class=\"NormalnytextDP\">Celkov\u00e1 pevnos\u0165 adh\u00e9zne sp\u00e1jan\u00e9ho spoja z\u00e1vis\u00ed predov\u0161etk\u00fdm na adh\u00e9zii a koh\u00e9zii (obr.1).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-image-element \" style=\"text-align:center;--awb-caption-title-font-family:var(--h2_typography-font-family);--awb-caption-title-font-weight:var(--h2_typography-font-weight);--awb-caption-title-font-style:var(--h2_typography-font-style);--awb-caption-title-size:var(--h2_typography-font-size);--awb-caption-title-transform:var(--h2_typography-text-transform);--awb-caption-title-line-height:var(--h2_typography-line-height);--awb-caption-title-letter-spacing:var(--h2_typography-letter-spacing);\"><span class=\" fusion-imageframe imageframe-dropshadow imageframe-1 hover-type-none\" style=\"border:1px solid #e2e2e2;-webkit-box-shadow: 3px 3px 7px rgba(0,0,0,0.3);box-shadow: 3px 3px 7px rgba(0,0,0,0.3);\"><a href=\"https:\/\/zvaranie.mtf.stuba.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Adhezny-spoj_SK.jpg\" class=\"fusion-lightbox\" data-rel=\"iLightbox[adhezne]\" data-caption=\"Obr. 1 Adh\u00e9zia a koh\u00e9zia v adh\u00e9zne sp\u00e1janom spoji [1]\" data-title=\"Adhezny-spoj_SK\" title=\"Adhezny-spoj_SK\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"363\" src=\"https:\/\/zvaranie.mtf.stuba.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Adhezny-spoj_SK.jpg\" alt class=\"img-responsive wp-image-323\" srcset=\"https:\/\/zvaranie.mtf.stuba.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Adhezny-spoj_SK-200x121.jpg 200w, https:\/\/zvaranie.mtf.stuba.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Adhezny-spoj_SK-400x242.jpg 400w, https:\/\/zvaranie.mtf.stuba.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Adhezny-spoj_SK.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/a><\/span><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-3\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-4\">\n<h6 style=\"text-align: center;\">Obr. 1 Adh\u00e9zia a koh\u00e9zia v&nbsp;adh\u00e9zne sp\u00e1janom spoji [1]<\/h6>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-4\"><p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Adh\u00e9ziu<\/strong>\u00a0m\u00f4\u017eeme definova\u0165 ako silu pri\u013enavosti, t.j. medzimolekul\u00e1rne pr\u00ed\u0165a\u017eliv\u00e9 chemick\u00e9 a fyzik\u00e1lne sily na sty\u010dn\u00fdch ploch\u00e1ch, ktor\u00e9 sa spolo\u010dne ozna\u010duj\u00fa ako Van der Waalsove sily. Priazniv\u00e1 adh\u00e9zia z\u00e1vis\u00ed na dobrej zm\u00e1\u010davosti adh\u00e9zne sp\u00e1jan\u00e9ho povrchu tekut\u00fdm adhez\u00edvum. Aby adhez\u00edvum zm\u00e1\u010dalo povrch materi\u00e1lu, mus\u00ed by\u0165 jeho povrchov\u00e1 energia men\u0161ia ako povrchov\u00e1 energia adh\u00e9zne sp\u00e1jan\u00e9ho povrchu. Ke\u010f\u017ee z&nbsp;kvapal\u00edn m\u00e1 najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161iu povrchov\u00fa energiu voda, zm\u00e1\u010davos\u0165 adh\u00e9zne sp\u00e1jan\u00fdch povrchov m\u00f4\u017eeme hodnoti\u0165 kvapkovou met\u00f3dou (obr.2). Uhol, ktor\u00fd zviera kvapalina s&nbsp;pevn\u00fdm povrchom by mal by\u0165 minim\u00e1lny.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Koh\u00e9zia<\/strong>\u00a0sa ozna\u010duje aj ako vn\u00fatorn\u00e1 adh\u00e9zia, je to s\u00fahrn s\u00edl, ktor\u00fdmi sa \u010dastice l\u00e1tky p\u00f4soben\u00edm vz\u00e1jomn\u00fdch valen\u010dn\u00fdch a medzimolekulov\u00fdch s\u00edl pr\u00ed\u0165a\u017elivosti p\u00fataj\u00fa navz\u00e1jom k&nbsp;sebe. Tieto sily vznikaj\u00fa vo filme adhez\u00edva. Adh\u00e9zne a koh\u00e9zne sily by mali by\u0165 pribli\u017ene v\u00a0rovnov\u00e1he. [1] <\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-image-element \" style=\"text-align:center;--awb-caption-title-font-family:var(--h2_typography-font-family);--awb-caption-title-font-weight:var(--h2_typography-font-weight);--awb-caption-title-font-style:var(--h2_typography-font-style);--awb-caption-title-size:var(--h2_typography-font-size);--awb-caption-title-transform:var(--h2_typography-text-transform);--awb-caption-title-line-height:var(--h2_typography-line-height);--awb-caption-title-letter-spacing:var(--h2_typography-letter-spacing);\"><span class=\" fusion-imageframe imageframe-dropshadow imageframe-2 hover-type-none\" style=\"border:1px solid #e2e2e2;-webkit-box-shadow: 3px 3px 7px rgba(0,0,0,0.3);box-shadow: 3px 3px 7px rgba(0,0,0,0.3);\"><a href=\"https:\/\/zvaranie.mtf.stuba.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/image002-400x325-1.png\" class=\"fusion-lightbox\" data-rel=\"iLightbox[adhezne]\" data-caption=\"Obr. 2 Zm\u00e1\u010davos\u0165 povrchu adherendom [1]\" data-title=\"image002-400&#215;325\" title=\"image002-400&#215;325\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"400\" height=\"325\" src=\"https:\/\/zvaranie.mtf.stuba.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/image002-400x325-1.png\" alt class=\"img-responsive wp-image-324\" srcset=\"https:\/\/zvaranie.mtf.stuba.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/image002-400x325-1-200x163.png 200w, https:\/\/zvaranie.mtf.stuba.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/image002-400x325-1.png 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 400px\" \/><\/a><\/span><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-5\"><h6 style=\"text-align: center;\">Obr. 2 Zm\u00e1\u010davos\u0165 povrchu adherendom [1]<\/h6>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-6\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-7\">\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\">Typy adh\u00e9zne sp\u00e1jan\u00fdch spojov<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-8\">\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Pozn\u00e1me nasledovn\u00e9 z\u00e1kladn\u00e9 typy prepl\u00e1tovan\u00fdch adh\u00e9zne sp\u00e1jan\u00fdch spojov (obr.3):<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>tup\u00fd spoj,<\/li>\n<li>skosen\u00fd tup\u00fd spoj,<\/li>\n<li>lemov\u00fd spoj,<\/li>\n<li>dvojito prepl\u00e1tovan\u00fd spoj.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Podmienkami pre vytvorenie kvalitn\u00e9ho adh\u00e9zne sp\u00e1jan\u00e9ho spoja s\u00fa predov\u0161etk\u00fdm vhodn\u00e1 kon\u0161trukcia spoja, vhodn\u00e1 kombin\u00e1cia adh\u00e9zne sp\u00e1jan\u00fd materi\u00e1l \u2013 pou\u017eit\u00e9 adhez\u00edvum a dodr\u017eanie technologick\u00e9ho postupu tvorby adh\u00e9zne sp\u00e1jan\u00e9ho spoja.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-builder-row-inner fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"width:104% !important;max-width:104% !important;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column_inner fusion-builder-nested-column-2 fusion_builder_column_inner_1_2 1_2 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:50%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:3.84%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:3.84%;--awb-width-medium:50%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:3.84%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:3.84%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-image-element \" style=\"text-align:center;--awb-caption-title-font-family:var(--h2_typography-font-family);--awb-caption-title-font-weight:var(--h2_typography-font-weight);--awb-caption-title-font-style:var(--h2_typography-font-style);--awb-caption-title-size:var(--h2_typography-font-size);--awb-caption-title-transform:var(--h2_typography-text-transform);--awb-caption-title-line-height:var(--h2_typography-line-height);--awb-caption-title-letter-spacing:var(--h2_typography-letter-spacing);\"><span class=\" fusion-imageframe imageframe-dropshadow imageframe-3 hover-type-none\" style=\"border:1px solid #e2e2e2;-webkit-box-shadow: 3px 3px 7px rgba(0,0,0,0.3);box-shadow: 3px 3px 7px rgba(0,0,0,0.3);\"><a href=\"https:\/\/zvaranie.mtf.stuba.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/image003-1-400x126-1.png\" class=\"fusion-lightbox\" data-rel=\"iLightbox[adhezne]\" data-caption=\"a) Tup\u00fd spoj\" data-title=\"image003-1-400&#215;126\" title=\"image003-1-400&#215;126\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"400\" height=\"126\" src=\"https:\/\/zvaranie.mtf.stuba.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/image003-1-400x126-1.png\" alt class=\"img-responsive wp-image-325\" srcset=\"https:\/\/zvaranie.mtf.stuba.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/image003-1-400x126-1-200x63.png 200w, https:\/\/zvaranie.mtf.stuba.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/image003-1-400x126-1.png 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 400px\" \/><\/a><\/span><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-7\"><h6 style=\"text-align: center;\">a) Tup\u00fd spoj<\/h6>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column_inner fusion-builder-nested-column-3 fusion_builder_column_inner_1_2 1_2 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:50%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:3.84%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:3.84%;--awb-width-medium:50%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:3.84%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:3.84%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-image-element \" style=\"text-align:center;--awb-caption-title-font-family:var(--h2_typography-font-family);--awb-caption-title-font-weight:var(--h2_typography-font-weight);--awb-caption-title-font-style:var(--h2_typography-font-style);--awb-caption-title-size:var(--h2_typography-font-size);--awb-caption-title-transform:var(--h2_typography-text-transform);--awb-caption-title-line-height:var(--h2_typography-line-height);--awb-caption-title-letter-spacing:var(--h2_typography-letter-spacing);\"><span class=\" fusion-imageframe imageframe-dropshadow imageframe-4 hover-type-none\" style=\"border:1px solid #e2e2e2;-webkit-box-shadow: 3px 3px 7px rgba(0,0,0,0.3);box-shadow: 3px 3px 7px rgba(0,0,0,0.3);\"><a href=\"https:\/\/zvaranie.mtf.stuba.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/image004-400x107-1.png\" class=\"fusion-lightbox\" data-rel=\"iLightbox[adhezne]\" data-caption=\"b) Jednoduch\u00fd prepl\u00e1tovan\u00fd spoj\" data-title=\"image004-400&#215;107\" title=\"image004-400&#215;107\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"400\" height=\"107\" src=\"https:\/\/zvaranie.mtf.stuba.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/image004-400x107-1.png\" alt class=\"img-responsive wp-image-326\" srcset=\"https:\/\/zvaranie.mtf.stuba.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/image004-400x107-1-200x54.png 200w, https:\/\/zvaranie.mtf.stuba.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/image004-400x107-1.png 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 400px\" \/><\/a><\/span><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-8\"><h6 style=\"text-align: center;\">b) Jednoduch\u00fd prepl\u00e1tovan\u00fd spoj<\/h6>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-builder-row-inner fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"width:104% !important;max-width:104% !important;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column_inner fusion-builder-nested-column-4 fusion_builder_column_inner_1_2 1_2 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:50%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:3.84%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:3.84%;--awb-width-medium:50%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:3.84%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:3.84%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-image-element \" style=\"text-align:center;--awb-caption-title-font-family:var(--h2_typography-font-family);--awb-caption-title-font-weight:var(--h2_typography-font-weight);--awb-caption-title-font-style:var(--h2_typography-font-style);--awb-caption-title-size:var(--h2_typography-font-size);--awb-caption-title-transform:var(--h2_typography-text-transform);--awb-caption-title-line-height:var(--h2_typography-line-height);--awb-caption-title-letter-spacing:var(--h2_typography-letter-spacing);\"><span class=\" fusion-imageframe imageframe-dropshadow imageframe-5 hover-type-none\" style=\"border:1px solid #e2e2e2;-webkit-box-shadow: 3px 3px 7px rgba(0,0,0,0.3);box-shadow: 3px 3px 7px rgba(0,0,0,0.3);\"><a href=\"https:\/\/zvaranie.mtf.stuba.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/image005-3-400x106-1.png\" class=\"fusion-lightbox\" data-rel=\"iLightbox[adhezne]\" data-caption=\"c) Skosen\u00fd tup\u00fd spoj\" data-title=\"image005-3-400&#215;106\" title=\"image005-3-400&#215;106\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"400\" height=\"106\" src=\"https:\/\/zvaranie.mtf.stuba.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/image005-3-400x106-1.png\" alt class=\"img-responsive wp-image-327\" srcset=\"https:\/\/zvaranie.mtf.stuba.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/image005-3-400x106-1-200x53.png 200w, https:\/\/zvaranie.mtf.stuba.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/image005-3-400x106-1.png 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 400px\" \/><\/a><\/span><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-9\"><h6 style=\"text-align: center;\">a) Tup\u00fd spoj<\/h6>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column_inner fusion-builder-nested-column-5 fusion_builder_column_inner_1_2 1_2 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:50%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:3.84%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:3.84%;--awb-width-medium:50%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:3.84%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:3.84%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-image-element \" style=\"text-align:center;--awb-caption-title-font-family:var(--h2_typography-font-family);--awb-caption-title-font-weight:var(--h2_typography-font-weight);--awb-caption-title-font-style:var(--h2_typography-font-style);--awb-caption-title-size:var(--h2_typography-font-size);--awb-caption-title-transform:var(--h2_typography-text-transform);--awb-caption-title-line-height:var(--h2_typography-line-height);--awb-caption-title-letter-spacing:var(--h2_typography-letter-spacing);\"><span class=\" fusion-imageframe imageframe-dropshadow imageframe-6 hover-type-none\" style=\"border:1px solid #e2e2e2;-webkit-box-shadow: 3px 3px 7px rgba(0,0,0,0.3);box-shadow: 3px 3px 7px rgba(0,0,0,0.3);\"><a href=\"https:\/\/zvaranie.mtf.stuba.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/image006-400x74-1.png\" class=\"fusion-lightbox\" data-rel=\"iLightbox[adhezne]\" data-caption=\"d) Spoj s dvoma pr\u00edlo\u017ekami\" data-title=\"image006-400&#215;74\" title=\"image006-400&#215;74\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"400\" height=\"74\" src=\"https:\/\/zvaranie.mtf.stuba.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/image006-400x74-1.png\" alt class=\"img-responsive wp-image-328\" srcset=\"https:\/\/zvaranie.mtf.stuba.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/image006-400x74-1-200x37.png 200w, https:\/\/zvaranie.mtf.stuba.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/image006-400x74-1.png 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 400px\" \/><\/a><\/span><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-10\"><h6 style=\"text-align: center;\">b) Jednoduch\u00fd prepl\u00e1tovan\u00fd spoj<\/h6>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-builder-row-inner fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"width:104% !important;max-width:104% !important;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column_inner fusion-builder-nested-column-6 fusion_builder_column_inner_1_2 1_2 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:50%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:3.84%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:3.84%;--awb-width-medium:50%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:3.84%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:3.84%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-image-element \" style=\"text-align:center;--awb-caption-title-font-family:var(--h2_typography-font-family);--awb-caption-title-font-weight:var(--h2_typography-font-weight);--awb-caption-title-font-style:var(--h2_typography-font-style);--awb-caption-title-size:var(--h2_typography-font-size);--awb-caption-title-transform:var(--h2_typography-text-transform);--awb-caption-title-line-height:var(--h2_typography-line-height);--awb-caption-title-letter-spacing:var(--h2_typography-letter-spacing);\"><span class=\" fusion-imageframe imageframe-dropshadow imageframe-7 hover-type-none\" style=\"border:1px solid #e2e2e2;-webkit-box-shadow: 3px 3px 7px rgba(0,0,0,0.3);box-shadow: 3px 3px 7px rgba(0,0,0,0.3);\"><a href=\"https:\/\/zvaranie.mtf.stuba.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/image007-3-400x100-1.png\" class=\"fusion-lightbox\" data-rel=\"iLightbox[adhezne]\" data-caption=\"e) Lemov\u00fd spoj\" data-title=\"image007-3-400&#215;100\" title=\"image007-3-400&#215;100\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"400\" height=\"100\" src=\"https:\/\/zvaranie.mtf.stuba.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/image007-3-400x100-1.png\" alt class=\"img-responsive wp-image-329\" srcset=\"https:\/\/zvaranie.mtf.stuba.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/image007-3-400x100-1-200x50.png 200w, https:\/\/zvaranie.mtf.stuba.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/image007-3-400x100-1.png 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 400px\" \/><\/a><\/span><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-11\"><h6 style=\"text-align: center;\">a) Tup\u00fd spoj<\/h6>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column_inner fusion-builder-nested-column-7 fusion_builder_column_inner_1_2 1_2 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:50%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:3.84%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:3.84%;--awb-width-medium:50%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:3.84%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:3.84%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-image-element \" style=\"text-align:center;--awb-caption-title-font-family:var(--h2_typography-font-family);--awb-caption-title-font-weight:var(--h2_typography-font-weight);--awb-caption-title-font-style:var(--h2_typography-font-style);--awb-caption-title-size:var(--h2_typography-font-size);--awb-caption-title-transform:var(--h2_typography-text-transform);--awb-caption-title-line-height:var(--h2_typography-line-height);--awb-caption-title-letter-spacing:var(--h2_typography-letter-spacing);\"><span class=\" fusion-imageframe imageframe-dropshadow imageframe-8 hover-type-none\" style=\"border:1px solid #e2e2e2;-webkit-box-shadow: 3px 3px 7px rgba(0,0,0,0.3);box-shadow: 3px 3px 7px rgba(0,0,0,0.3);\"><a href=\"https:\/\/zvaranie.mtf.stuba.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/image008.png\" class=\"fusion-lightbox\" data-rel=\"iLightbox[adhezne]\" data-caption=\"f) Spoj s jednou pr\u00edlo\u017ekou\" data-title=\"image008\" title=\"image008\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"387\" height=\"77\" src=\"https:\/\/zvaranie.mtf.stuba.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/image008.png\" alt class=\"img-responsive wp-image-330\" srcset=\"https:\/\/zvaranie.mtf.stuba.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/image008-200x40.png 200w, https:\/\/zvaranie.mtf.stuba.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/image008.png 387w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 387px\" \/><\/a><\/span><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-12\"><h6 style=\"text-align: center;\">b) Jednoduch\u00fd prepl\u00e1tovan\u00fd spoj<\/h6>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-builder-row-inner fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"width:104% !important;max-width:104% !important;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column_inner fusion-builder-nested-column-8 fusion_builder_column_inner_1_2 1_2 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:50%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:3.84%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:3.84%;--awb-width-medium:50%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:3.84%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:3.84%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-image-element \" style=\"text-align:center;--awb-caption-title-font-family:var(--h2_typography-font-family);--awb-caption-title-font-weight:var(--h2_typography-font-weight);--awb-caption-title-font-style:var(--h2_typography-font-style);--awb-caption-title-size:var(--h2_typography-font-size);--awb-caption-title-transform:var(--h2_typography-text-transform);--awb-caption-title-line-height:var(--h2_typography-line-height);--awb-caption-title-letter-spacing:var(--h2_typography-letter-spacing);\"><span class=\" fusion-imageframe imageframe-dropshadow imageframe-9 hover-type-none\" style=\"border:1px solid #e2e2e2;-webkit-box-shadow: 3px 3px 7px rgba(0,0,0,0.3);box-shadow: 3px 3px 7px rgba(0,0,0,0.3);\"><a href=\"https:\/\/zvaranie.mtf.stuba.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/image009-1-400x121-1.png\" class=\"fusion-lightbox\" data-rel=\"iLightbox[adhezne]\" data-caption=\"g) Dvojito prepl\u00e1tovan\u00fd spoj \" data-title=\"image009-1-400&#215;121\" title=\"image009-1-400&#215;121\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"400\" height=\"121\" src=\"https:\/\/zvaranie.mtf.stuba.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/image009-1-400x121-1.png\" alt class=\"img-responsive wp-image-331\" srcset=\"https:\/\/zvaranie.mtf.stuba.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/image009-1-400x121-1-200x61.png 200w, https:\/\/zvaranie.mtf.stuba.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/image009-1-400x121-1.png 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 400px\" \/><\/a><\/span><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-13\"><h6 style=\"text-align: center;\">a) Tup\u00fd spoj<\/h6>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column_inner fusion-builder-nested-column-9 fusion_builder_column_inner_1_2 1_2 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:50%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:3.84%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:3.84%;--awb-width-medium:50%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:3.84%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:3.84%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-image-element \" style=\"text-align:center;--awb-caption-title-font-family:var(--h2_typography-font-family);--awb-caption-title-font-weight:var(--h2_typography-font-weight);--awb-caption-title-font-style:var(--h2_typography-font-style);--awb-caption-title-size:var(--h2_typography-font-size);--awb-caption-title-transform:var(--h2_typography-text-transform);--awb-caption-title-line-height:var(--h2_typography-line-height);--awb-caption-title-letter-spacing:var(--h2_typography-letter-spacing);\"><span class=\" fusion-imageframe imageframe-dropshadow imageframe-10 hover-type-none\" style=\"border:1px solid #e2e2e2;-webkit-box-shadow: 3px 3px 7px rgba(0,0,0,0.3);box-shadow: 3px 3px 7px rgba(0,0,0,0.3);\"><a href=\"https:\/\/zvaranie.mtf.stuba.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/image010-1-400x75-1.png\" class=\"fusion-lightbox\" data-rel=\"iLightbox[adhezne]\" data-caption=\"h) Spoj s dvoma pr\u00edlo\u017ekami\" data-title=\"image010-1-400&#215;75\" title=\"image010-1-400&#215;75\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"400\" height=\"75\" src=\"https:\/\/zvaranie.mtf.stuba.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/image010-1-400x75-1.png\" alt class=\"img-responsive wp-image-332\" srcset=\"https:\/\/zvaranie.mtf.stuba.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/image010-1-400x75-1-200x38.png 200w, https:\/\/zvaranie.mtf.stuba.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/image010-1-400x75-1.png 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 400px\" \/><\/a><\/span><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-14\"><h6 style=\"text-align: center;\">b) Jednoduch\u00fd prepl\u00e1tovan\u00fd spoj<\/h6>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-15\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-17\">\n<h6 style=\"text-align: center;\">Obr. 3 Z\u00e1kladn\u00e9 typy prepl\u00e1tovan\u00fdch adh\u00e9zne sp\u00e1jan\u00fdch spojov [2]<\/h6>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-16\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-18\">\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><em>Vlastn\u00fd postup v\u00fdroby adh\u00e9zne sp\u00e1jan\u00e9ho spoja m\u00e1 \u0161tyri z\u00e1kladn\u00e9 f\u00e1zy<\/em><\/strong><strong><em>:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>pr\u00edprava spojovan\u00e9ho materi\u00e1lu (adherendu) na adh\u00e9zne sp\u00e1janie<em>\u00a0\u2013\u00a0<\/em>rozhoduj\u00facou je zm\u00e1\u010davos\u0165 adherendu adhez\u00edvom a preto je cie\u013eom v\u0161etk\u00fdch \u00faprav adh\u00e9zne sp\u00e1jan\u00fdch povrchov maxim\u00e1lne zv\u00fd\u0161i\u0165 zm\u00e1\u010davos\u0165 povrchu adhez\u00edvom a to vhodnou pred \u00fapravou povrchu.<\/li>\n<li>pr\u00edprava adhez\u00edva \u2013 z\u00e1vis\u00ed od druhu adhez\u00edva (chemick\u00e1 \u0161trukt\u00fara, po\u010det zlo\u017eiek a pod.), stave adhez\u00edva po uskladnen\u00ed (doba \u017eivotnosti), sp\u00f4sobe nan\u00e1\u0161ania (ve\u013ekos\u0165 a tvar adh\u00e9zne sp\u00e1jan\u00fdch povrchov) a\u00a0sp\u00f4sobe vytvrdzovania.<\/li>\n<li>nan\u00e1\u0161anie adhez\u00edva \u2013 je medzif\u00e1za, ktor\u00e1 odde\u013euje pr\u00edpravn\u00e9 oper\u00e1cie od vlastn\u00e9ho vytvorenia adh\u00e9zne sp\u00e1jan\u00e9ho spoja. Cie\u013eom nan\u00e1\u0161ania je vytvorenie s\u00favislej a rovnomernej vrstvy adhez\u00edva rovnakej hr\u00fabky.<\/li>\n<li>mont\u00e1\u017e spoja \u2013 adh\u00e9zne sp\u00e1jan\u00e9 diely sa pomocou vhodn\u00fdch pr\u00edpravkov zafixuj\u00fa predp\u00edsan\u00fdm tlakom alebo z\u00e1\u0165a\u017eou k&nbsp;sebe, \u010d\u00edm sa vytvoria fyzik\u00e1lne a chemick\u00e9 podmienky pre vznik pevn\u00fdch v\u00e4zieb [2].<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><em>Faktory ovplyv\u0148uj\u00face pevnos\u0165 spoja m\u00f4\u017eeme charakterizova\u0165 ako vn\u00fatorn\u00e9 a vonkaj\u0161ie<\/em><\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Medzi vn\u00fatorn\u00e9 faktory rad\u00edme:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>vplyv povrchovej \u00fapravy adherendov \u2013 povrch adherendu sa prejavuje vo\u010di adh\u00e9z\u00edvu svojimi chemick\u00fdmi a fyzik\u00e1lnymi vlastnos\u0165ami. Vhodnou \u00fapravou povrchov\u00fdch vlastnost\u00ed mo\u017eno z\u00edska\u0165 maxim\u00e1lnu adh\u00e9ziu k&nbsp;ur\u010dit\u00e9mu adh\u00e9z\u00edvu, ktorej \u00farove\u0148 m\u00f4\u017eeme vyjadri\u0165 pevnos\u0165ou \u0161tandardn\u00e9ho spoja.<\/li>\n<li>vplyv vlastnost\u00ed sp\u00e1jan\u00fdch materi\u00e1lov \u2013 materi\u00e1ly, ktor\u00e9 maj\u00fa vy\u0161\u0161iu pevnos\u0165 v&nbsp;predpokladanom sp\u00f4sobe nam\u00e1hania, napr. v&nbsp;ohybe, d\u00e1vaj\u00fa vy\u0161\u0161ie pevnosti spoja pri tomto nam\u00e1han\u00ed.<\/li>\n<li>vplyv vlastnost\u00ed adhez\u00edva \u2013 okrem dobrej adh\u00e9zie je d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e1 aj koh\u00e9zna pevnos\u0165 a pru\u017enos\u0165 adhez\u00edva, jeho koeficient tepelnej roz\u0165a\u017enosti, pr\u00edp. pokles pevnosti v&nbsp;z\u00e1vislosti od teploty. D\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e1 je aj hodnota zmr\u0161\u0165ovania pri vytvrdzovan\u00ed adhez\u00edva.<\/li>\n<li>vplyv tvaru spoja \u2013 ide o vz\u00e1jomn\u00e9 ulo\u017eenie adh\u00e9zne sp\u00e1jan\u00fdch \u010dast\u00ed tak, \u017ee sa z\u00edska ur\u010dit\u00e1 sty\u010dn\u00e1 plocha od ktorej potom z\u00e1vis\u00ed celkov\u00e1 pevnos\u0165.<\/li>\n<li>vplyv geometrick\u00fdch parametrov \u2013 tento vplyv je v&nbsp;podstatnej miere dan\u00fd tvarov\u00fdm faktorom, mo\u017eno poveda\u0165, \u017ee absol\u00fatna pevnos\u0165 spoja vzrast\u00e1 s&nbsp;d\u013a\u017ekou prepl\u00e1tovania a\u017e do ur\u010dit\u00e9ho maxima, ke\u010f u\u017e nem\u00e1 \u010falej v\u00fdznam pred\u013a\u017eenie zv\u00e4\u010d\u0161ova\u0165.<\/li>\n<li>vplyv sp\u00f4sobu nam\u00e1hania \u2013 adh\u00e9zne sp\u00e1jan\u00e9 spoje s\u00fa najodolnej\u0161ie proti nam\u00e1haniu v&nbsp;strihu, \u010do plat\u00ed najm\u00e4 pre tuh\u00e9 izotropn\u00e9 l\u00e1tky. So vzrastan\u00edm pru\u017enosti materi\u00e1lu a s&nbsp;klesan\u00edm hr\u00fabky tuh\u00e9ho materi\u00e1lu st\u00fapa odolnos\u0165 proti oh\u00fdbaniu a odlupovaniu, \u010do v\u0161ak z\u00e1vis\u00ed aj od pru\u017enosti vytvrdnut\u00e9ho adhez\u00edva [2].<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Medzi vonkaj\u0161ie faktory rad\u00edme:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>vplyv teploty a \u010dasu \u2013 tento aspekt sa naz\u00fdva starnutie a prejavuje sa zmenou mechanick\u00fdch vlastnost\u00ed v&nbsp;\u010dase a to predov\u0161etk\u00fdm zn\u00ed\u017een\u00edm v\u00fdslednej pevnosti a spo\u013eahlivosti adh\u00e9zne sp\u00e1jan\u00e9ho spoja.<\/li>\n<li>penetr\u00e1ciu z&nbsp;okolia a kor\u00f3ziu \u2013 vplyvy vlhkost\u00ed a in\u00fdch m\u00e9di\u00ed z&nbsp;okolia prenikaj\u00fa adh\u00e9znou vrstvou do spoja a takto rozru\u0161uj\u00fa v\u00e4zby v&nbsp;spoji a doch\u00e1dza ku poklesu koh\u00e9znej pevnosti adh\u00e9znej vrstvy a poklesu adh\u00e9zie na rozhran\u00ed adhez\u00edvum \u2013 substr\u00e1t.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-19\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<h2>Poruchy adh\u00e9zne sp\u00e1jan\u00e9ho spoja a\u00a0ich pr\u00ed\u010diny<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-20\">\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Syst\u00e9m adhez\u00edvum \u2013 adherend m\u00f4\u017eeme charakterizova\u0165 nielen pevnos\u0165ou adh\u00e9zneho spoja, ale aj charakterom jeho naru\u0161enia. Charakter de\u0161trukcie adh\u00e9zne sp\u00e1jan\u00e9ho spoja m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 (obr. 4):<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><em>adh\u00e9zny lom<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 je to de\u0161trukcia spoja, pri ktorom d\u00f4jde k&nbsp;oddeleniu adhez\u00edva od adherendu tak, \u017ee na adherende zost\u00e1vaj\u00fa len molekulov\u00e9 vrstvy, \u010dasto nes\u00favisl\u00e9,<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><em>koh\u00e9zny lom<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 je to de\u0161trukcia spoja, pri ktorom trhlina prebieha materi\u00e1lom adhez\u00edva (resp. v&nbsp;obidvoch vrstv\u00e1ch), \u010do znamen\u00e1, \u017ee adh\u00e9zia medzi adhez\u00edvom a adherendom je v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ia ako koh\u00e9zia adhez\u00edva,<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><em>zmie\u0161an\u00fd lom<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 je to de\u0161trukcia spoja, pri ktorej je \u010das\u0165 trhliny medzi adhez\u00edvom a substr\u00e1tom a \u010das\u0165 v&nbsp;hmote niektorej z&nbsp;t\u00fdchto s\u00fa\u010dast\u00ed spoja. Je to prechod medzi adh\u00e9znym a koh\u00e9znym lomom. [2-3]<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-builder-row-inner fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"width:104% !important;max-width:104% !important;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column_inner fusion-builder-nested-column-10 fusion_builder_column_inner_1_2 1_2 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:50%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:3.84%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:3.84%;--awb-width-medium:50%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:3.84%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:3.84%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-image-element \" style=\"text-align:center;--awb-caption-title-font-family:var(--h2_typography-font-family);--awb-caption-title-font-weight:var(--h2_typography-font-weight);--awb-caption-title-font-style:var(--h2_typography-font-style);--awb-caption-title-size:var(--h2_typography-font-size);--awb-caption-title-transform:var(--h2_typography-text-transform);--awb-caption-title-line-height:var(--h2_typography-line-height);--awb-caption-title-letter-spacing:var(--h2_typography-letter-spacing);\"><span class=\" fusion-imageframe imageframe-dropshadow imageframe-11 hover-type-none\" style=\"border:1px solid #e2e2e2;-webkit-box-shadow: 3px 3px 7px rgba(0,0,0,0.3);box-shadow: 3px 3px 7px rgba(0,0,0,0.3);\"><a href=\"https:\/\/zvaranie.mtf.stuba.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Adhezny-lom.jpg\" class=\"fusion-lightbox\" data-rel=\"iLightbox[adhezne]\" data-caption=\"Adh\u00e9zny lom\" data-title=\"Adhezny-lom\" title=\"Adhezny-lom\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"348\" height=\"120\" src=\"https:\/\/zvaranie.mtf.stuba.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Adhezny-lom.jpg\" alt class=\"img-responsive wp-image-322\" srcset=\"https:\/\/zvaranie.mtf.stuba.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Adhezny-lom-200x69.jpg 200w, https:\/\/zvaranie.mtf.stuba.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Adhezny-lom.jpg 348w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 348px\" \/><\/a><\/span><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-17\"><p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>Adh\u00e9zny lom<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column_inner fusion-builder-nested-column-11 fusion_builder_column_inner_1_2 1_2 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:50%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:3.84%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:3.84%;--awb-width-medium:50%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:3.84%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:3.84%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-image-element \" style=\"text-align:center;--awb-caption-title-font-family:var(--h2_typography-font-family);--awb-caption-title-font-weight:var(--h2_typography-font-weight);--awb-caption-title-font-style:var(--h2_typography-font-style);--awb-caption-title-size:var(--h2_typography-font-size);--awb-caption-title-transform:var(--h2_typography-text-transform);--awb-caption-title-line-height:var(--h2_typography-line-height);--awb-caption-title-letter-spacing:var(--h2_typography-letter-spacing);\"><span class=\" fusion-imageframe imageframe-dropshadow imageframe-12 hover-type-none\" style=\"border:1px solid #e2e2e2;-webkit-box-shadow: 3px 3px 7px rgba(0,0,0,0.3);box-shadow: 3px 3px 7px rgba(0,0,0,0.3);\"><a href=\"https:\/\/zvaranie.mtf.stuba.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Kohezny-lom.jpg\" class=\"fusion-lightbox\" data-rel=\"iLightbox[adhezne]\" data-caption=\"Koh\u00e9zny lom\" data-title=\"Kohezny-lom\" title=\"Kohezny-lom\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"322\" height=\"122\" src=\"https:\/\/zvaranie.mtf.stuba.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Kohezny-lom.jpg\" alt class=\"img-responsive wp-image-335\" srcset=\"https:\/\/zvaranie.mtf.stuba.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Kohezny-lom-200x76.jpg 200w, https:\/\/zvaranie.mtf.stuba.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Kohezny-lom.jpg 322w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 322px\" \/><\/a><\/span><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-18\"><p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>Koh\u00e9zny lom<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-image-element \" style=\"text-align:center;--awb-caption-title-font-family:var(--h2_typography-font-family);--awb-caption-title-font-weight:var(--h2_typography-font-weight);--awb-caption-title-font-style:var(--h2_typography-font-style);--awb-caption-title-size:var(--h2_typography-font-size);--awb-caption-title-transform:var(--h2_typography-text-transform);--awb-caption-title-line-height:var(--h2_typography-line-height);--awb-caption-title-letter-spacing:var(--h2_typography-letter-spacing);\"><span class=\" fusion-imageframe imageframe-dropshadow imageframe-13 hover-type-none\" style=\"border:1px solid #e2e2e2;-webkit-box-shadow: 3px 3px 7px rgba(0,0,0,0.3);box-shadow: 3px 3px 7px rgba(0,0,0,0.3);\"><a href=\"https:\/\/zvaranie.mtf.stuba.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Zmiesany-lom.jpg\" class=\"fusion-lightbox\" data-rel=\"iLightbox[adhezne]\" data-caption=\"Zmie\u0161an\u00fd lom\" data-title=\"Zmiesany-lom\" title=\"Zmiesany-lom\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"346\" height=\"122\" src=\"https:\/\/zvaranie.mtf.stuba.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Zmiesany-lom.jpg\" alt class=\"img-responsive wp-image-337\" srcset=\"https:\/\/zvaranie.mtf.stuba.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Zmiesany-lom-200x71.jpg 200w, https:\/\/zvaranie.mtf.stuba.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Zmiesany-lom.jpg 346w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 346px\" \/><\/a><\/span><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-19\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-23\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>Zmie\u0161an\u00fd lom<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-20\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-24\">\n<h6 style=\"text-align: center;\">Obr. 4 Typy de\u0161trukcie adh\u00e9zne sp\u00e1jan\u00e9ho spoja [2]<\/h6>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-21\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-25\">\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Poruchy adh\u00e9zne sp\u00e1jan\u00fdch spojov sa naj\u010dastej\u0161ie vyskytuj\u00fa pri nedodr\u017ean\u00ed z\u00e1kladn\u00fdch technologick\u00fdch a technick\u00fdch podmienok adh\u00e9zneho sp\u00e1jania a preto ich m\u00f4\u017eeme pova\u017eova\u0165 sk\u00f4r za vplyv \u013eudsk\u00e9ho faktora ako za nedostatky adh\u00e9zne sp\u00e1jan\u00fdch spojov.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Najlep\u0161ia a najvy\u0161\u0161ia \u017eivotnos\u0165 a pevnos\u0165 spoja je dosiahnut\u00e1 v&nbsp;pr\u00edpade, ke\u010f vybran\u00e9 kovov\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly s\u00fa z&nbsp;h\u013eadiska ich \u0161trukt\u00fary homog\u00e9nne a maj\u00fa optim\u00e1lne geometrick\u00e9 a mechanick\u00e9 vlastnosti. Adh\u00e9zne sp\u00e1jan\u00e9 kovov\u00e9 spoje s\u00fa dobre odol\u00e1vaj\u00face nam\u00e1haniu v&nbsp;\u0161myku. Odolnos\u0165 vo\u010di nam\u00e1haniu v&nbsp;\u0165ahu je ni\u017e\u0161ia a samotn\u00e1 odolnos\u0165 v&nbsp;odlupovan\u00ed\/rozvrstvovan\u00ed adh\u00e9zneho spoja je najni\u017e\u0161ia. Taktie\u017e adh\u00e9zne sp\u00e1jan\u00e9 spoje s\u00fa n\u00edzko odoln\u00e9 proti \u00fa\u010dinkom prudk\u00fdch n\u00e1razov. Preto je vykon\u00e1van\u00e1 \u00faprava kon\u0161trukcie adh\u00e9zneho spoja tak, aby samotn\u00fd spoj bol iba s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou celkovej kon\u0161trukcie. [4]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Rozdielne kovov\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly by oproti sebe nemali ma\u0165 ve\u013emi odli\u0161n\u00fd koeficient tepelnej roz\u0165a\u017enosti a hodnotu modulu pru\u017enosti. Ak nast\u00e1va pr\u00edpad, kde tento predpoklad nie je dodr\u017ean\u00fd, tak je potrebn\u00e9 zvoli\u0165 tak\u00fd druh adhez\u00edva ktor\u00fd tieto rozdiely zminimalizuje. Pri zvolen\u00ed kovu by materi\u00e1l mal ma\u0165 homog\u00e9nny povrch, aby boli dosiahnut\u00e9 rovnak\u00e9 vlastnosti. Mechanick\u00e1 pred \u00faprava povrchu materi\u00e1lu je zvy\u010dajne vytv\u00e1ran\u00e1 pomocou br\u00fasnych papierov s&nbsp;r\u00f4znou drsnos\u0165ou (povrch kovu je obr\u00fasen\u00fd abraz\u00edvnym p\u00f4soben\u00edm \u010dast\u00edc piesku a kremenn\u00fdch \u010dast\u00edc).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Pevnos\u0165 spojov mo\u017eno regulova\u0165 pomocou pr\u00edsad do adh\u00e9z\u00edv alebo po\u017eit\u00edm priemerov vo forme z\u00e1kladn\u00fdch n\u00e1terov s&nbsp;vysokou adh\u00e9ziou vo\u010di kovom. Nanesenie tenkej vrstvy pom\u00e1ha pri odstr\u00e1nen\u00ed rozdielov medzi mechanick\u00fdmi parametrami adhez\u00edva a substr\u00e1tu. Medzi vhodn\u00e9 n\u00e1tery, na ktor\u00e9 je mo\u017en\u00e9 aplikova\u0165 adhez\u00edvum, napr\u00edklad patr\u00ed n\u00e1ter na b\u00e1ze silik\u00f3nu alebo epoxidu. Postup sp\u00e1jania je vykon\u00e1van\u00fd ponoren\u00edm adh\u00e9znych spojov do kor\u00f3zneho m\u00e9dia, alebo v&nbsp;kor\u00f3znej atmosf\u00e9re.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Strata \u017eivotnosti adh\u00e9zneho spoja m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 tie\u017e sp\u00f4soben\u00e1 t\u00fdm, ak po vytvrdnut\u00ed adhez\u00edvum hydrolyzuje, pri\u010dom str\u00e1ca svoje schopnosti plni\u0165 adh\u00e9zne \u00fa\u010dinky. Je d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 aby adh\u00e9zne sp\u00e1janie prebiehalo \u010do najsk\u00f4r po chemickej pred \u00faprave, ktor\u00e1 bola vykon\u00e1van\u00e1 na povrchu kovov. Adh\u00e9zny spoj mus\u00ed by\u0165 vytvoren\u00fd r\u00fdchlo. Preto s\u00fa vyu\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 r\u00f4zne tavn\u00e9 adhez\u00edva, kedy adh\u00e9zny spoj je vytvoren\u00fd po ochladen\u00ed polym\u00e9rnej taveniny po\u010das fixovania adh\u00e9zne sp\u00e1jan\u00fdch \u010dast\u00ed spoja za pou\u017eitia vyhovuj\u00faceho tlaku.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><em>Naj\u010dastej\u0161ie pr\u00ed\u010diny por\u00fach adh\u00e9zne sp\u00e1jan\u00fdch spojov m\u00f4\u017eeme zhrn\u00fa\u0165 do nieko\u013ek\u00fdch bodov\u00a0<\/em><\/strong>[5,6]:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>n\u00edzka pevnos\u0165, ktor\u00e1 vypl\u00fdva z&nbsp;toho, \u017ee ide o neprav\u00fd spoj, ktor\u00e9ho pr\u00ed\u010dinou je slab\u00e1 v\u00e4zba spo\u010d\u00edvaj\u00faca v&nbsp;nespr\u00e1vnej technol\u00f3gii adh\u00e9zneho sp\u00e1jania alebo v&nbsp;nespr\u00e1vnom v\u00fdbere materi\u00e1lu (zl\u00e1 zm\u00e1\u010davos\u0165 adherendu), pr\u00edpadne v&nbsp;spoji vznikla ve\u013ek\u00e1 koncentr\u00e1cia nap\u00e4t\u00ed, pr\u00ed\u010dinou \u010doho m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 vznik bubl\u00edn v&nbsp;adh\u00e9znej vrstve, nerovnomernos\u0165 adh\u00e9znej vrstvy alebo nespr\u00e1vna kon\u0161trukcia spoja (nevhodn\u00fd pomer plochy spoja k&nbsp;hr\u00fabke vrstvy adhez\u00edva).<\/li>\n<li>n\u00edzka odolnos\u0165 zlo\u017eiek spoja proti prostrediu \u2013 strata pevnosti vplyvom podmienok mimo spoja. Jej pr\u00ed\u010dinou je v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inou preniknutie agres\u00edvnych l\u00e1tok do adh\u00e9zne sp\u00e1jan\u00e9ho spoja, nevhodn\u00fd v\u00fdber materi\u00e1lov pre dan\u00e9 prostredie, vplyvy sp\u00f4sobuj\u00face starnutie, n\u00edzka tepeln\u00e1 odolnos\u0165 zlo\u017eiek spoja a pod.<\/li>\n<li>n\u00edzka \u017eivotnos\u0165 \u2013 t. j. strata pevnosti p\u00f4soben\u00edm pr\u00ed\u010din v&nbsp;spoji. Tieto pr\u00ed\u010diny vznikaj\u00fa najm\u00e4 pri technol\u00f3gii adh\u00e9zneho sp\u00e1jania , napr. nezreagovan\u00e9 zvy\u0161ky tvrd\u00edv vyvol\u00e1vaj\u00fa kor\u00f3ziu adherendu alebo migr\u00e1ciou k&nbsp;povrchu adhez\u00edva zapr\u00ed\u010dinia vznik slabej vrstvy u\u017e v&nbsp;hotovom spoji. \u010eal\u0161ou pr\u00ed\u010dinou m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 parametre dynamick\u00e9ho nam\u00e1hania vyvol\u00e1vaj\u00face pred\u010dasn\u00fa \u00fanavu spoja a jeho de\u0161trukciu.<\/li>\n<li>chyby vzh\u013eadu \u2013 prete\u010denie vytvrdnut\u00e9ho adhez\u00edva alebo jeho nevhodn\u00e1 farba oproti ostatn\u00fdm materi\u00e1lom.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">funk\u010dn\u00e9 nedostatky \u2013 s\u00fa to chyby spoja, ktor\u00e9 ovplyv\u0148uj\u00fa funk\u010dnos\u0165 v\u00fdrobku a\u00a0to elektro-izola\u010dn\u00e9 vlastnosti adhez\u00edva (tam, kde sa nem\u00e1 naru\u0161i\u0165 vodivos\u0165), zn\u00ed\u017eenie prietoku napr. v&nbsp;sp\u00e1jan\u00fdch potrubiach pr\u00edpadne tie\u017e nevhodn\u00e9 umiestnenie spoja v&nbsp;celkovej kon\u0161trukcii.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-26\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<h2>Klasifik\u00e1cia adhez\u00edv a ich pr\u00edprava na adh\u00e9zne sp\u00e1janie<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-27\">\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Klasifik\u00e1cia adhez\u00edv je spracovan\u00e1 na z\u00e1klade r\u00f4znych krit\u00e9ri\u00ed a to [5]:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><em>pod\u013ea sp\u00f4sobov vytv\u00e1rania adh\u00e9zne sp\u00e1jan\u00e9ho spoja<\/em>:\n<ul>\n<li>roztokov\u00e9 alebo disperzn\u00e9, tuhn\u00fa vsiaknut\u00edm a odparen\u00edm rozp\u00fa\u0161\u0165adiel,<\/li>\n<li>citliv\u00e9 na tlak, napr. adh\u00e9zne p\u00e1sky, spoj vznikne po \u013eahkom pritla\u010den\u00ed,<\/li>\n<li>tavn\u00e9, spoj vznikne stuhnut\u00edm taveniny a<\/li>\n<li>vytvrdzuj\u00face chemickou reakciou.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><em>pod\u013ea chemick\u00e9ho zlo\u017eenia<\/em>:\n<ul>\n<li>pr\u00edrodn\u00e9\n<ul>\n<li>organick\u00e9,<\/li>\n<li>anorganick\u00e9.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>syntetick\u00e9\n<ul>\n<li>plastom\u00e9rne,<\/li>\n<li>durom\u00e9rne,<\/li>\n<li>elastom\u00e9rne.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><em>pod\u013ea dodanej formy<\/em>:\n<ul>\n<li>kvapaliny,<\/li>\n<li>plasty,<\/li>\n<li>pr\u00e1\u0161ky,<\/li>\n<li>tmely,<\/li>\n<li>filmy, p\u00e1sky<\/li>\n<li>in\u00e9 \u2013 granul\u00e1ty, ty\u010dinky, kocky.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><em>pod\u013ea sp\u00f4sobu vytvorenia v\u00e4zby<\/em>:\n<ul>\n<li>jednozlo\u017ekov\u00e9,<\/li>\n<li>dvoj a\u00a0viaczlo\u017ekov\u00e9.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">K\u00a0\u010dasto aplikovan\u00fdm adhez\u00edvam patria\u00a0<strong><em>syntetick\u00e9 adhez\u00edva, ktor\u00fdch klasifik\u00e1cia je\u00a0<\/em><\/strong>[1,2]:<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong>Plastom\u00e9rne adhez\u00edva<\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 n\u00edzka odolnos\u0165 proti studen\u00e9mu toku a n\u00edzka tepeln\u00e1 odolnos\u0165 (ide o materi\u00e1ly tv\u00e1rnite\u013en\u00e9 teplom) sp\u00f4sobuj\u00fa, \u017ee nie s\u00fa tieto ve\u013emi pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 v&nbsp;praxi, ale na druhej strane je nimi mo\u017en\u00e9 adh\u00e9zne sp\u00e1ja\u0165 kombin\u00e1cie, ktor\u00e9 inak sp\u00e1ja\u0165 nemo\u017eno. Patria sem:<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>akryl\u00e1tov\u00e9 adhez\u00edva \u2013 s\u00fa vhodn\u00e9 na adh\u00e9zne sp\u00e1janie mal\u00fdch pl\u00f4ch a v\u00fdrobkov na v\u00fdrobn\u00fdch p\u00e1soch, sp\u00e1jaj\u00fa kovy, sklo, plasty a niektor\u00e9 kau\u010duky.<\/li>\n<li>ionomern\u00e9 adhez\u00edva \u2013 s\u00fa plastom\u00e9rne polym\u00e9ry, maj\u00fa v\u00fdborn\u00e9 mechanick\u00e9 a dielektrick\u00e9 vlastnosti aj pri n\u00edzkych teplot\u00e1ch.<\/li>\n<li>polyamidov\u00e9 adhez\u00edva \u2013 patria medzi v\u00fdborn\u00e9, ale jedno\u00fa\u010delov\u00e9 kon\u0161truk\u010dn\u00e9 adhez\u00edva.<\/li>\n<li>polyuret\u00e1nov\u00e9 adhez\u00edva \u2013 nach\u00e1dzaj\u00fa si \u010doraz v\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00ed priestor v&nbsp;automobilovom priemysle, hlavne kde je potrebn\u00e9 sp\u00e1ja\u0165 rozdielne materi\u00e1ly, utesni\u0165 r\u00f4zne \u010dasti karos\u00e9rie automobilu, pr\u00edpadne kde je potrebn\u00e9 vyu\u017ei\u0165 zvukoizola\u010dn\u00e9 a elektroizola\u010dn\u00e9 vlastnosti.<\/li>\n<li>adhez\u00edva na b\u00e1ze vinylov\u00fdch polym\u00e9rov \u2013 je to najrozsiahlej\u0161ia skupina polym\u00e9rov, predstavuje \u0161irok\u00fd sortiment tuh\u00fdch, roztokov\u00fdch, emulzn\u00fdch a tavn\u00fdch adh\u00e9z\u00edv.<\/li>\n<li>adhez\u00edva na b\u00e1ze polystyr\u00e9nu a kopolym\u00e9rov \u2013 vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa sa na sp\u00e1janie polystyr\u00e9nu, pr\u00edp. na adh\u00e9zne sp\u00e1janie vl\u00e1knit\u00fdch materi\u00e1lov.<\/li>\n<li>polysulf\u00f3nov\u00e9 adhez\u00edva \u2013 daj\u00fa sa pou\u017ei\u0165 ako tavn\u00e9 adhez\u00edva, nev\u00fdhodou je ich relat\u00edvne vysok\u00fd bod topenia a\u00a0cena.<\/li>\n<li>tavn\u00e9 adhez\u00edva \u2013 ich v\u00fdhodou je nen\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e1 skladovate\u013enos\u0165, r\u00fdchle nadobudnutie manipula\u010dnej pevnosti, nie s\u00fa toxick\u00e9 ani hor\u013eav\u00e9.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\" start=\"2\">\n<li><strong><em>Durom\u00e9rne adhez\u00edva<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 s\u00fa najstar\u0161ou skupinou syntetick\u00fdch adh\u00e9z\u00edv, patria medzi reakt\u00edvne typy, ktor\u00e9 sa vytvrdzuj\u00fa chemicky, katalyticky alebo teplom, pr\u00edp. kombin\u00e1ciou t\u00fdchto sp\u00f4sobov. Naz\u00fdvame ich aj kon\u0161truk\u010dn\u00e9, preto\u017ee maj\u00fa v\u00fdborn\u00e9 mechanick\u00e9 vlastnosti a tepeln\u00fa odolnos\u0165, \u010do sa vyu\u017e\u00edva pri n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00fdch kon\u0161trukci\u00e1ch. Patria sem:<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>aminoplasty: melaminoformaldehydov\u00e9 alebo mo\u010dovinovoformaldehydov\u00e9 \u017eivice.<\/li>\n<li>epoxidy \u2013 patria medzi najroz\u0161\u00edrenej\u0161ie a najkvalitnej\u0161ie, pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa sa v&nbsp;oblasti adh\u00e9zneho sp\u00e1jania kovov, skla, durom\u00e9rov, dreva a ich kombin\u00e1ci\u00ed. S\u00fa vytvrdzovan\u00e9 v&nbsp;priebehu chemickej reakcie, pozost\u00e1vaj\u00fa zo \u017eiv\u00edc pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch v&nbsp;kombin\u00e1cii s&nbsp;tvrdidlom najm\u00e4 na adh\u00e9zne sp\u00e1janie kovov navz\u00e1jom a tie\u017e s&nbsp;in\u00fdmi substr\u00e1tmi. Na trh prich\u00e1dzaj\u00fa v&nbsp;troch form\u00e1ch ako hust\u00e9 sirupovit\u00e9 kvapaliny, pr\u00e1\u0161ky alebo f\u00f3lie.<\/li>\n<li>fenoplasty: fenolformaldehydov\u00e9 \u017eivice (s\u00fa to vysokovisk\u00f3zne \u017eivice vytvrdzovan\u00e9 kysl\u00fdmi katalyz\u00e1tormi) alebo fenolformaldehydov\u00e9 \u017eivice vytvrdzovan\u00e9 za tepla.<\/li>\n<li>polyamidy \u2013 s\u00fa to vysokovisk\u00f3zne kvapaliny pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 najm\u00e4 na modifik\u00e1ciu epoxidov\u00fdch a fenoplastov\u00fdch adh\u00e9z\u00edv.<\/li>\n<li>polybenzimidazoly a polybenzotiazoly (PBI a PBT ) s\u00fa ur\u010den\u00e9 pre podmienky s&nbsp;vysokou teplotou.<\/li>\n<li>polyestery \u2013 nenas\u00fdten\u00e9 \u017eivice \u2013 pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa sa vo v\u00fdrobe lamin\u00e1tov, na adh\u00e9zne sp\u00e1janie dreva, plnen\u00e9 na adh\u00e9zne sp\u00e1janie keramiky.<\/li>\n<li>polyimidy \u2013 maj\u00fa vynikaj\u00facu tepeln\u00fa a chemick\u00fa odolnos\u0165, vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa sa vo ve\u013emi n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00fdch podmienkach, pre kozmick\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dely a pre potreby leteck\u00e9ho priemyslu.<\/li>\n<li>polyizokyan\u00e1ty \u2013 ich prednos\u0165ou je n\u00edzka viskozita a adh\u00e9zia k&nbsp;\u0161irok\u00e9mu sortimentu materi\u00e1lov, nev\u00fdhodou je vysok\u00e1 toxicita a prchavos\u0165.<\/li>\n<li>zmie\u0161an\u00e9 (modifikovan\u00e9) adhez\u00edva: s&nbsp;fenolformaldehydov\u00fdm z\u00e1kladom alebo s&nbsp;epoxidov\u00fdm z\u00e1kladom.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\" start=\"3\">\n<li><strong><em>Elastom\u00e9rne adhez\u00edva<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 s\u00fa preva\u017ene kvapaln\u00e9 a to bu\u010f disperzn\u00e9 alebo roztokov\u00e9 v\u0161estranne vyu\u017eite\u013en\u00e9 adhez\u00edva, del\u00edme ich e\u0161te na nevulkaniza\u010dn\u00e9, vulkaniza\u010dn\u00e9 a to chemicky alebo teplom a\u00a0na samovulkaniza\u010dn\u00e9 \u2013 maj\u00fa u\u017e vopred namie\u0161an\u00e9 pr\u00edsady.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Nevulkaniza\u010dn\u00e9 kau\u010dukov\u00e9 adhez\u00edva maj\u00fa v&nbsp;porovnan\u00ed s&nbsp;vulkaniza\u010dn\u00fdmi kau\u010dukov\u00fdmi adhez\u00edvami podstatne men\u0161ie pevnosti spojov. Vulkaniza\u010dn\u00e9 kau\u010dukov\u00e9 adhez\u00edva obsahuj\u00fa vulkaniza\u010dn\u00e9 pr\u00edsady a vulkanizuj\u00fa obvykle v&nbsp;rozmedz\u00ed tepl\u00f4t 140 a\u017e 150&nbsp;\u00b0C.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">U samovulkaniza\u010dn\u00fdch kau\u010dukov\u00fdch adh\u00e9z\u00edv s\u00fa okrem vulkaniza\u010dn\u00fdch pr\u00edsad e\u0161te pridan\u00e9 aktiv\u00e1tory a ur\u00fdch\u013eova\u010de, umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00face vulkaniz\u00e1ciu i za teploty 25 a\u017e 30&nbsp;\u00b0C. S\u00fa to:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>polychl\u00f3ropr\u00e9nov\u00e9 adhez\u00edva- je to najv\u00fdznamnej\u0161ia skupina adh\u00e9z\u00edv na b\u00e1ze syntetick\u00e9ho kau\u010duku,<\/li>\n<li>nitrilkau\u010dukov\u00e9 adhez\u00edva \u2013 maj\u00fa dobr\u00fa odolnos\u0165 proti olejom, vode a niektor\u00fdm rozp\u00fa\u0161\u0165adl\u00e1m,<\/li>\n<li>butadi\u00e9n \u2013 styr\u00e9nov\u00e9 adhez\u00edva \u2013 s\u00fa vhodn\u00e9 na adh\u00e9zne sp\u00e1janie syst\u00e9mu kov- plast,<\/li>\n<li>butylkau\u010dukov\u00e9 a polyizobutyl\u00e9nov\u00e9 adhez\u00edva \u2013 maj\u00fa termoplastick\u00e9 vlastnosti, s\u00fa vhodn\u00e9 na opravu vzdu\u0161n\u00edc automobilov, adh\u00e9zne sp\u00e1janie syst\u00e9mov guma \u2013 guma, guma- textil.<\/li>\n<li>polysulfidov\u00e9 adhez\u00edva \u2013 uplat\u0148uj\u00fa sa ako modifika\u010dn\u00e9 pr\u00edsady do in\u00fdch typov adh\u00e9z\u00edv a v&nbsp;praxi vo forme \u0161peci\u00e1lnych tmelov.<\/li>\n<li>silik\u00f3nov\u00e9 elastom\u00e9rne adhez\u00edva \u2013 spoje maj\u00fa vynikaj\u00facu odolnos\u0165 proti vode a zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00fdm teplot\u00e1m, taktie\u017e aj chemick\u00fa odolnos\u0165.<\/li>\n<li>adhez\u00edva na b\u00e1ze pr\u00edrodn\u00e9ho kau\u010duku \u2013 patria medzi naj\u00faspe\u0161nej\u0161ie adhez\u00edva na b\u00e1ze rastlinn\u00fdch surov\u00edn, dod\u00e1vaj\u00fa sa v&nbsp;dvoch form\u00e1cha to ako hor\u013eav\u00e9 roztoky alebo nehor\u013eav\u00e9 n\u00edzkovisk\u00f3zne mlie\u010dne latexy.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Sp\u00f4sob pr\u00edpravy dan\u00e9ho adhez\u00edva na adh\u00e9zne sp\u00e1janie z\u00e1vis\u00ed od t\u00fdchto faktorov [5]:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><em>1 . druhu adhez\u00edva<\/em>\u00a0\u2013 tu s\u00fa zahrnut\u00e9 viacer\u00e9 charakteristiky a to chemick\u00e1 \u0161trukt\u00fara, po\u010det zlo\u017eiek, fyzik\u00e1lny stav (tekut\u00e9 , pr\u00e1\u0161kov\u00e9 kusov\u00e9), \u017eivotnos\u0165 adh\u00e9znej zmesi.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Pod\u013ea t\u00fdchto faktorov zhodnot\u00edme \u010di je potrebn\u00e9 rozp\u00fa\u0161\u0165adlo a ak \u00e1no, ak\u00e9, \u010di je potrebn\u00e9 zmie\u0161a\u0165 viac zlo\u017eiek, \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 ak\u00e9 a ko\u013eko n\u00e1dob, odmeriek a in\u00fdch pom\u00f4cok budeme potrebova\u0165, ko\u013eko adhez\u00edva treba pripravi\u0165 naraz , aby sa dalo spracova\u0165, ak\u00e9 nan\u00e1\u0161acie zariadenie budeme potrebova\u0165 pr\u00edpadne ak\u00fd vytvrdzovac\u00ed sp\u00f4sob bude najvhodnej\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><em>2 . stavu adhez\u00edva po uskladnen\u00ed<\/em>\u00a0\u2013 \u010das, za ktor\u00fd mo\u017eno adhez\u00edvum skladova\u0165 ud\u00e1va v\u00fdrobca. Po\u010das skladovania doch\u00e1dza v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inou ku zmen\u00e1m po\u010diato\u010dn\u00e9ho stavu adhez\u00edva, nast\u00e1vaj\u00fa zmeny napr. v&nbsp;hustnut\u00ed, sediment\u00e1ci\u00ed tuh\u00fdch zlo\u017eiek, v&nbsp;zn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed \u010di zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed reaktivity a pod. Pod\u013ea stavu, v&nbsp;akom sa adhez\u00edvum nach\u00e1dza, vol\u00edme oper\u00e1cie, ktor\u00fdmi ho dostaneme do stavu pou\u017eite\u013en\u00e9ho.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><em>3 . sp\u00f4sobu nan\u00e1\u0161ania<\/em>\u00a0\u2013 tento z\u00e1vis\u00ed predov\u0161etk\u00fdm od ve\u013ekosti a tvaru sp\u00e1jan\u00e9ho materi\u00e1lu. Tomu prisp\u00f4sobujeme prostriedky, ktor\u00fdmi adhez\u00edvum nan\u00e1\u0161ame a t\u00fdmto prostriedkom prisp\u00f4sobujeme adhez\u00edvum do vhodn\u00e9ho stavu upravovan\u00edm technologick\u00fdch vlastnost\u00ed. Adhez\u00edvum sa v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inou nan\u00e1\u0161a na obidva adh\u00e9zne sp\u00e1jan\u00e9 \u010dasti, v\u00fdnimkou s\u00fa kyanoakryl\u00e1ty a niektor\u00e9 kau\u010dukov\u00e9 adhez\u00edva, ktor\u00e9 sa nan\u00e1\u0161aj\u00fa iba na jednu z&nbsp;adh\u00e9zne sp\u00e1jan\u00fdch \u010dast\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Sp\u00f4soby nan\u00e1\u0161ania m\u00f4\u017eeme z&nbsp;h\u013eadiska ich kategoriz\u00e1cie rozdeli\u0165 na:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>ru\u010dn\u00e9 nan\u00e1\u0161anie,<\/li>\n<li>nan\u00e1\u0161anie pomocou pr\u00edpravkov,<\/li>\n<li>nan\u00e1\u0161anie pomocou ve\u013emi v\u00fdkonn\u00fdch zariaden\u00ed,<\/li>\n<li>nan\u00e1\u0161anie pomocou tepeln\u00fdch procesov.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><em>4 . sp\u00f4sobu vytvrdzovania<\/em>\u00a0\u2013 z\u00e1vis\u00ed od druhu, teda od \u0161trukt\u00fary adhez\u00edva. Pod\u013ea toho, \u010di pri vytvrdzovan\u00ed unikaj\u00fa rozp\u00fa\u0161\u0165adl\u00e1, prebiehaj\u00fa chemick\u00e9 reakcie alebo tuhne tavenina menia sa podmienky, pr\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e9 pr\u00edpravky a vytvrdzovacie zariadenia. Tieto prostriedky ovplyv\u0148uje aj ve\u013ekos\u0165 spoja a druh sp\u00e1jan\u00e9ho materi\u00e1lu, ktor\u00fd zasa ovplyv\u0148uje v\u00fdber adhez\u00edva.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Adh\u00e9zne sp\u00e1jan\u00e9 spoje s\u00fa v\u00a0praxi za\u0165a\u017eovan\u00e9 r\u00f4znymi druhmi nam\u00e1hania \u2013 za\u0165a\u017eenie v\u00a0\u0165ahu, \u0161myku, kompresn\u00e9 za\u0165a\u017eenie, za\u0165a\u017eenie \u0161tiepen\u00edm, odl\u00fapnut\u00edm. Spr\u00e1vanie sa prepl\u00e1tovan\u00fdch a\u00a0rohov\u00fdch adh\u00e9zne sp\u00e1jan\u00fdch spojov a\u00a0ich navrhovanie pri jednotliv\u00fdch typoch za\u0165a\u017eenia n\u00e1zorne popisuje [12, 13]. Pre typ spojov je optim\u00e1lne, ke\u010f je nam\u00e1han\u00fd v\u00a0dvoch smeroch, nako\u013eko sa za\u0165a\u017eenie rozlo\u017e\u00ed po celej ploche spoja, nako\u013eko pri jednosmernom nam\u00e1han\u00ed sa za\u0165a\u017euje najm\u00e4 predn\u00e1 hrana spoja.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Na hodnotenie pevnostn\u00fdch vlastnost\u00ed adh\u00e9zne sp\u00e1jan\u00fdch spojov sa realizuj\u00fa r\u00f4zne de\u0161truk\u010dn\u00e9 sk\u00fa\u0161ky, z&nbsp;ktor\u00fdch je \u010dasto pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e1 sk\u00fa\u0161ka \u201eStanovenie pevnosti v&nbsp;\u0161myku prepl\u00e1tovan\u00e9ho adh\u00e9zne sp\u00e1jan\u00e9ho spoja pri nam\u00e1han\u00ed v&nbsp;\u0165ahu\u201c realizovan\u00e1 pod\u013ea STN EN 1465 (66&nbsp;85&nbsp;10).\u00a0Podstatou sk\u00fa\u0161ky je nam\u00e1hanie sk\u00fa\u0161an\u00e9ho spoja v&nbsp;\u0161myku statick\u00fdm \u0165ahom v&nbsp;smere pozd\u013a\u017e osi a\u017e do poru\u0161enia vzorky. Tvar a rozmery sk\u00fa\u0161obn\u00fdch vzoriek s\u00fa dan\u00e9 normou, obr. 5. Pevnos\u0165 v&nbsp;\u0161myku sa ud\u00e1va v&nbsp;MPa.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-image-element \" style=\"text-align:center;--awb-caption-title-font-family:var(--h2_typography-font-family);--awb-caption-title-font-weight:var(--h2_typography-font-weight);--awb-caption-title-font-style:var(--h2_typography-font-style);--awb-caption-title-size:var(--h2_typography-font-size);--awb-caption-title-transform:var(--h2_typography-text-transform);--awb-caption-title-line-height:var(--h2_typography-line-height);--awb-caption-title-letter-spacing:var(--h2_typography-letter-spacing);\"><span class=\" fusion-imageframe imageframe-dropshadow imageframe-14 hover-type-none\" style=\"border:1px solid #e2e2e2;-webkit-box-shadow: 3px 3px 7px rgba(0,0,0,0.3);box-shadow: 3px 3px 7px rgba(0,0,0,0.3);\"><a href=\"https:\/\/zvaranie.mtf.stuba.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Vzorka-na-skusku-v-smyku_SK.jpg\" class=\"fusion-lightbox\" data-rel=\"iLightbox[adhezne]\" data-caption=\"Obr. 5 Tvar a rozmery sk\u00fa\u0161obn\u00fdch vzoriek pre sk\u00fa\u0161ku pevnosti v \u0161myku [14]\" data-title=\"Vzorka-na-skusku-v-smyku_SK\" title=\"Vzorka-na-skusku-v-smyku_SK\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"305\" src=\"https:\/\/zvaranie.mtf.stuba.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Vzorka-na-skusku-v-smyku_SK.jpg\" alt class=\"img-responsive wp-image-336\" srcset=\"https:\/\/zvaranie.mtf.stuba.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Vzorka-na-skusku-v-smyku_SK-200x102.jpg 200w, https:\/\/zvaranie.mtf.stuba.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Vzorka-na-skusku-v-smyku_SK-400x203.jpg 400w, https:\/\/zvaranie.mtf.stuba.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Vzorka-na-skusku-v-smyku_SK.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/a><\/span><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-22\"><h6 style=\"text-align: center;\">Obr. 5 Tvar a rozmery sk\u00fa\u0161obn\u00fdch vzoriek pre sk\u00fa\u0161ku pevnosti v&nbsp;\u0161myku [14]<\/h6>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-23\"><p style=\"text-align: justify;\">V\u00a0snahe eliminova\u0165 nev\u00fdhody a\u00a0samotn\u00e9 ne\u017eiad\u00face \u00fa\u010dinky r\u00f4znych technol\u00f3gi\u00ed sp\u00e1jania sa tieto met\u00f3dy kombinuj\u00fa, pri\u010dom kombin\u00e1ciou v\u00fdhod by sa malo docieli\u0165 samotn\u00e9 zlep\u0161enie vlastnost\u00ed sp\u00e1jania. Met\u00f3da adh\u00e9zneho sp\u00e1jania sa naj\u010dastej\u0161ie kombinuje spolu s\u00a0s\u00a0technol\u00f3giami skrutkovania, nitovania a\u00a0bodov\u00e9ho zv\u00e1rania [7-9].<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Kombin\u00e1cia adh\u00e9zneho sp\u00e1jania so skrutkami<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Hlavn\u00fdm cie\u013eom pri kombin\u00e1ci\u00ed skrutiek a\u00a0adh\u00e9zneho sp\u00e1jania bolo dosiahnutie odolnosti spoja proti r\u00e1zov\u00e9mu nam\u00e1haniu a\u00a0odlupuj\u00facemu \u00fa\u010dinku. Za predpokladu, \u017ee je do adhez\u00edva pridan\u00fd korundov\u00fd pr\u00e1\u0161ok ktor\u00fd ovplyv\u0148uje hr\u00fabku adhez\u00edva, je mo\u017en\u00e9 zabezpe\u010di\u0165 lep\u0161iu odolnos\u0165 spoja v\u00a0\u0161myku.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Kombin\u00e1cia adh\u00e9zneho sp\u00e1jania s\u00a0nitmi<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Pri vyu\u017eit\u00ed tejto kombin\u00e1cie sa pri postupe vytvorenia spoja uv\u00e1dzaj\u00fa dva druhy postupov. Prv\u00fdm je postup, kde je adhez\u00edvum nan\u00e1\u0161an\u00e9 na po\u017eadovan\u00e9 miesto spoja ako prv\u00e9 a\u00a0po jeho vytvrdnut\u00ed je pridan\u00fd nit. Druh\u00fdm sp\u00f4sobom je s\u00fa\u010dasn\u00e9 nan\u00e1\u0161anie adhez\u00edva a\u00a0nitovanie je realizovan\u00e9 e\u0161te po\u010das procesu, kedy sa adhez\u00edvum vytvrdzuje. V\u00fdhodnej\u0161\u00ed je obvykle prv\u00fd sp\u00f4sob postup vytvorenia spoja, kedy pevnos\u0165 a\u00a0tesnos\u0165 spoja je lep\u0161ia a\u00a0samotn\u00fd technologick\u00fd postup je jednoduch\u0161\u00ed z\u00a0d\u00f4vodu nevyu\u017e\u00edvania pr\u00edpravkov, ktor\u00e9 zais\u0165uj\u00fa tlak. Sch\u00e9ma kombin\u00e1cie adh\u00e9zneho sp\u00e1jania a\u00a0nitovania je zn\u00e1zornen\u00e1 na obr. 6. [8]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-image-element \" style=\"text-align:center;--awb-caption-title-font-family:var(--h2_typography-font-family);--awb-caption-title-font-weight:var(--h2_typography-font-weight);--awb-caption-title-font-style:var(--h2_typography-font-style);--awb-caption-title-size:var(--h2_typography-font-size);--awb-caption-title-transform:var(--h2_typography-text-transform);--awb-caption-title-line-height:var(--h2_typography-line-height);--awb-caption-title-letter-spacing:var(--h2_typography-letter-spacing);\"><span class=\" fusion-imageframe imageframe-dropshadow imageframe-15 hover-type-none\" style=\"border:1px solid #e2e2e2;-webkit-box-shadow: 3px 3px 7px rgba(0,0,0,0.3);box-shadow: 3px 3px 7px rgba(0,0,0,0.3);\"><a href=\"https:\/\/zvaranie.mtf.stuba.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/image015-2-400x149-1.png\" class=\"fusion-lightbox\" data-rel=\"iLightbox[adhezne]\" data-caption=\"Obr. 6 Kombin\u00e1cia adh\u00e9zneho sp\u00e1jania a nitovania [8]\" data-title=\"image015-2-400&#215;149\" title=\"image015-2-400&#215;149\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"400\" height=\"149\" src=\"https:\/\/zvaranie.mtf.stuba.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/image015-2-400x149-1.png\" alt class=\"img-responsive wp-image-333\" srcset=\"https:\/\/zvaranie.mtf.stuba.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/image015-2-400x149-1-200x75.png 200w, https:\/\/zvaranie.mtf.stuba.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/image015-2-400x149-1.png 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 400px\" \/><\/a><\/span><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-24\"><h6 style=\"text-align: center;\">Obr. 6 Kombin\u00e1cia adh\u00e9zneho sp\u00e1jania a nitovania[8]<\/h6>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-25\"><p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Kombin\u00e1cia adh\u00e9zneho sp\u00e1jania s\u00a0bodov\u00fdm zv\u00e1ran\u00edm<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Pri pou\u017eit\u00ed adhez\u00edva je odstr\u00e1nen\u00e1 ne\u017eiaduca kor\u00f3zia, ktor\u00e1 vznik\u00e1 medzi vn\u00fatorn\u00fdmi plochami sp\u00e1jan\u00fdch materi\u00e1lov. V\u00fdhodou vyu\u017eitia adhez\u00edva je tie\u017e zn\u00ed\u017eenie koncentr\u00e1cie nap\u00e4tia, ktor\u00e9 vznik\u00e1 v\u00a0okol\u00ed bodov\u00e9ho zvaru. T\u00e1to kombin\u00e1cia sp\u00e1jania nach\u00e1dza svoje vyu\u017eitie v\u00a0automobilovom, leteckom a\u00a0kozmickom priemysle. [8-10]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Spoj je naj\u010dastej\u0161ie vytv\u00e1ran\u00fd nan\u00e1\u0161an\u00edm adhez\u00edva vo forme pasty alebo f\u00f3lie na jeden z\u00a0dielcov, ktor\u00fd sa n\u00e1sledne sp\u00e1ja. Pomocou pr\u00edtla\u010dnej sily elektr\u00f3d je adhez\u00edvum vytl\u00e1\u010dan\u00e9 tak, aby vznikal elektrick\u00fd kontakt medzi sp\u00e1jan\u00fdmi materi\u00e1lmi a\u00a0n\u00e1sledne vznik\u00e1 bodov\u00fd zvar. Nechcen\u00fdm \u00fa\u010dinkom tak\u00e9hoto sp\u00e1jania v&nbsp;d\u00f4sledku vysokej teploty m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 po\u0161kodenie adhez\u00edva v\u00a0bl\u00edzkosti zvaru a\u00a0vznik nebezpe\u010dn\u00fdch v\u00fdparov z\u00a0d\u00f4vodu zahriatia adhez\u00edva. [11]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Medzi dobr\u00e9 vlastnosti, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa pri\u00a0kombin\u00e1cii bodov\u00e9ho zv\u00e1rania a\u00a0adh\u00e9zneho sp\u00e1jania , napr\u00edklad patr\u00ed odolnos\u0165 spojov vo\u010di r\u00e1zov\u00e9mu a\u00a0odlupuj\u00facemu za\u0165a\u017eeniu, vytvorenie tesnosti vo\u010di plynom a\u00a0vode (odolnos\u0165 vo\u010di kor\u00f3zi\u00ed) a zn\u00ed\u017eenie vibr\u00e1ci\u00ed t\u00fdm, \u017ee kon\u0161trukcia m\u00e1 v\u00e4\u010d\u0161iu tuhos\u0165. Dosahuje sa aj \u00faspora na hmotnosti oproti mechanick\u00e9mu sp\u00e1janiu prvkami. Sch\u00e9ma kombin\u00e1cie bodov\u00e9ho zvaru a\u00a0adh\u00e9zneho sp\u00e1jania je na obr. 7.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-image-element \" style=\"text-align:center;--awb-caption-title-font-family:var(--h2_typography-font-family);--awb-caption-title-font-weight:var(--h2_typography-font-weight);--awb-caption-title-font-style:var(--h2_typography-font-style);--awb-caption-title-size:var(--h2_typography-font-size);--awb-caption-title-transform:var(--h2_typography-text-transform);--awb-caption-title-line-height:var(--h2_typography-line-height);--awb-caption-title-letter-spacing:var(--h2_typography-letter-spacing);\"><span class=\" fusion-imageframe imageframe-dropshadow imageframe-16 hover-type-none\" style=\"border:1px solid #e2e2e2;-webkit-box-shadow: 3px 3px 7px rgba(0,0,0,0.3);box-shadow: 3px 3px 7px rgba(0,0,0,0.3);\"><a href=\"https:\/\/zvaranie.mtf.stuba.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/image016-400x103-1.png\" class=\"fusion-lightbox\" data-rel=\"iLightbox[adhezne]\" data-caption=\"Obr. 7 Kombin\u00e1cia bodov\u00e9ho zvaru a adh\u00e9zneho sp\u00e1jania [8]\" data-title=\"image016-400&#215;103\" title=\"image016-400&#215;103\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"400\" height=\"103\" src=\"https:\/\/zvaranie.mtf.stuba.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/image016-400x103-1.png\" alt class=\"img-responsive wp-image-334\" srcset=\"https:\/\/zvaranie.mtf.stuba.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/image016-400x103-1-200x52.png 200w, https:\/\/zvaranie.mtf.stuba.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/image016-400x103-1.png 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 400px\" \/><\/a><\/span><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-26\"><h6 style=\"text-align: center;\">Obr. 7 Kombin\u00e1cia bodov\u00e9ho zvaru a adh\u00e9zneho sp\u00e1jania [8]<\/h6>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-27\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-33\">\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Kombin\u00e1cia adh\u00e9zneho sp\u00e1jania s\u00a0tlakov\u00fdm sp\u00e1jan\u00edm<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Pri tejto kombin\u00e1cii sp\u00e1jac\u00edch met\u00f3d s\u00fa vyu\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 v\u00fdhody adh\u00e9zneho sp\u00e1jania aj tlakov\u00e9ho sp\u00e1jania. Vyu\u017eitie adhez\u00edva n\u00e1m zais\u0165uje zn\u00ed\u017eenie koncentr\u00e1cie nap\u00e4t\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 vznikaj\u00fa v\u00a0okol\u00ed tlakov\u00e9ho spoja. Spoj je vytv\u00e1ran\u00fd t\u00fdm, \u017ee vrstva adhez\u00edva je nanesen\u00e1 na jednu plochu dielca, ktor\u00e1 je n\u00e1sledne za pomoci tlakovej sily lisovn\u00edka a\u00a0lisovnice vytl\u00e1\u010dan\u00e1. T\u00fdm sa\u00a0vytv\u00e1ra \u010do najlep\u0161\u00ed kontakt medzi sp\u00e1jan\u00fdmi dielcami.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-34\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<h2>V\u00fdhody na nev\u00fdhody technol\u00f3gie adh\u00e9zneho sp\u00e1jania<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-35\">\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Sp\u00e1janie kovov adh\u00e9znom sp\u00e1jan\u00edm m\u00e1 v&nbsp;porovnan\u00ed s&nbsp;ostatn\u00fdmi met\u00f3dami sp\u00e1jania nesporne mnoho v\u00fdhod, spo\u010d\u00edvaj\u00facich v&nbsp;mo\u017enosti sp\u00e1jania r\u00f4znych, navz\u00e1jom nezvarite\u013en\u00fdch kovov, rovnomernom pren\u00e1\u0161an\u00ed nap\u00e4t\u00ed a zosilnenia kon\u0161trukcie v&nbsp;mieste, kde nitovanie alebo zv\u00e1ranie zni\u017euje pevnos\u0165 materi\u00e1lu. [9-11]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Medzi hlavn\u00fa v\u00fdhodu vyu\u017eitia adh\u00e9zneho sp\u00e1jania patr\u00ed zn\u00ed\u017eenie v\u00fdrobn\u00fdch n\u00e1kladov v&nbsp;technologickom procese. \u010ealej tie\u017e mo\u017enos\u0165 sp\u00e1jania r\u00f4znych druhov materi\u00e1lov a kovov, ktor\u00e9 m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 navz\u00e1jom nezv\u00e1rate\u013en\u00e9 ako aj mo\u017enos\u0165 sp\u00e1ja\u0165 ve\u013emi tenk\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly a ve\u013ek\u00e9 plochy. Spoj m\u00e1 zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00fa bezpe\u010dnos\u0165 pri poruche (vrstva adhez\u00edva izoluje \u00fa\u010dinok vrubu). Samotn\u00fd adh\u00e9zne sp\u00e1jan\u00fd spoj je tesn\u00fd vo\u010di tlaku, v\u00e1kuu a jeho odolnos\u0165 vo\u010di kor\u00f3zi\u00ed je zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e1. Spoj m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 vytvoren\u00fd tak aby mal dobr\u00fa tepeln\u00fa, elektrick\u00fa a zvukov\u00fa izol\u00e1ciu alebo aby mal dobr\u00fa elektrick\u00fa vodivos\u0165. Spoj, ktor\u00fd bol realizovan\u00fd adh\u00e9znom sp\u00e1jan\u00edm, dok\u00e1\u017ee tlmi\u0165 vibr\u00e1cie.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Pri procese adh\u00e9zneho sp\u00e1jania doch\u00e1dza k&nbsp;zn\u00ed\u017eeniu hmotnosti na kone\u010dnom v\u00fdrobku. Nehroz\u00ed prehriatie kon\u0161trukcie ako pri zv\u00e1ran\u00ed. Na adh\u00e9znom sp\u00e1jan\u00ed je mo\u017en\u00e9 pracova\u0165 aj za zn\u00ed\u017eenej teploty, ktor\u00e1 neovplyvn\u00ed sp\u00e1jan\u00fd materi\u00e1l. Doch\u00e1dza tie\u017e k&nbsp;vytvoreniu hladk\u00fdch vonkaj\u0161\u00edch vrstiev.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>V\u00fdhody adh\u00e9zne sp\u00e1jan\u00fdch spojov mo\u017eno zhrn\u00fa\u0165 nasledovne:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>zn\u00ed\u017eenie hmotnosti spoja,<\/li>\n<li>mo\u017enos\u0165 sp\u00e1jania r\u00f4znych materi\u00e1lov (aj tenk\u00fdch),<\/li>\n<li>mo\u017enos\u0165 ve\u013ekoplo\u0161n\u00e9ho sp\u00e1jania,<\/li>\n<li>vysok\u00e1 bezpe\u010dnos\u0165 pri poruche,<\/li>\n<li>efekt\u00edvnos\u0165 a\u00a0ekonomickos\u0165.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Nev\u00fdhody adh\u00e9zne sp\u00e1jan\u00fdch spojov:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>n\u00edzka odolnos\u0165 vo\u010di teplotn\u00fdm zmen\u00e1m,<\/li>\n<li>vy\u017eaduj\u00fa pred\u00fapravu adh\u00e9zne sp\u00e1jan\u00e9ho povrchu,<\/li>\n<li>\u010dasov\u00e1 n\u00e1ro\u010dnos\u0165 z&nbsp;d\u00f4vodu \u010dasu vytvrdzovania,<\/li>\n<li>vysok\u00e9 n\u00e1roky na \u010distotu adh\u00e9zne sp\u00e1janej plochy.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Nev\u00fdhodou je dlh\u00fd \u010das pri vytvrdzovan\u00ed adhez\u00edva a nutnos\u0165 pred\u00fapravy pl\u00f4ch pred procesom adh\u00e9zneho sp\u00e1jania . Je potrebn\u00e9 pr\u00edsne dodr\u017eiavanie technologick\u00e9ho postupu v\u00a0procese. Pri v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ine pr\u00edpadov je nutnos\u0165 pou\u017eitia vytvrdzovac\u00edch pr\u00edpravkov. Odolnos\u0165 vo\u010di zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00fdm teplot\u00e1m, odlupovaniu a\u00a0n\u00e1razom tak\u00fdchto spojov je slab\u00e1. Spoj je n\u00e1chyln\u00fd ku creepu (prasknutiu).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-28\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-36\">\n<h2>Literat\u00fara<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-37\">[1]\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Petrie, E. M. Handbook of Adhesives and Sealants, 2nd ed., McGraw-Hill, 2007.<\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">[2]\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Damico D. J.. Handbook of Adhesive Technology. 2nd ed., New York: M. Dekker, 2003.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">[3]\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Peterka, J.: Adh\u00e9znom sp\u00e1jan\u00ed konstruk\u010dn\u00edch materi\u00e1l\u00fa ve stroj\u00edrenstv\u00ed. Praha: SNTL, 1980.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">[4]\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Frejdin, A.: Pevnos\u0165 a \u017eivotnos\u0165 adh\u00e9zne sp\u00e1jan\u00fdch spojov. Bratislava: ALFA, 1988.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">[5]\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Kova\u010di\u010d, \u013d.: Adh\u00e9zne sp\u00e1janie kovov a plastov. Bratislava: ALFA, 1980.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">[6]\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Technol\u00f3gia Adh\u00e9zneho sp\u00e1jania . [Online] Dostupn\u00e9 na internete: https:\/\/moodle.uiam.sk\/pluginfile.php\/64671\/mod_folder\/content\/0\/adh\u00e9zne sp\u00e1janie%20kovov.pdf?forcedownload=1<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">[7]\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Banea, M. D. et al.: Multi-material adhesive joints for automotive industry, Composites Part B 151 (2018).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">[8]\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 V\u00fdvojov\u00e9 trendy v&nbsp;stroj\u00e1rskych technol\u00f3gi\u00e1ch \u2013 hybridn\u00e9 technol\u00f3gie. Stroj\u00e1rstvo [Online] Dostupn\u00e9 na internete: https:\/\/www.engineering.sk\/strojarstvo-extra\/3503-vyvojove-trendy-v-strojarskych-technologiach-hybridne-technologie<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">[9]\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 DiBella, G. et al.: Mechanical characterization of adhesive joints with dissimilar substrates for marine applications, International Journal of Adhesion &amp; Adhesives 41(2013).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">[10]\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Marques, G. P. et al.: Adhesive selection for hybrid spot-welded\/bonded single-lap joints: Experimentation and numerical analysis, Composites Part B 84 (2016).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">[11]\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Banea, M. D. et al.: Debonding on command of adhesive joints for the automotive industry, International Journal of Adhesion &amp; Adhesives 59 (2015).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">[12]\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 https:\/\/www.3mslovensko.sk\/3M\/sk_SK\/bonding-and-assembly-ctl\/training-education\/science-of-adhesion\/common-stress-types-adhesive-joints\/<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">[13]\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 https:\/\/www.3mslovensko.sk\/3M\/sk_SK\/bonding-and-assembly-ctl\/training-education\/science-of-adhesion\/less-stress-adhesive-joints\/<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">[14]\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 STN EN 1465 (66&nbsp;85&nbsp;10):Stanovenie pevnosti v&nbsp;\u0161myku prepl\u00e1tovan\u00e9ho adh\u00e9zne sp\u00e1jan\u00e9ho spoja pri nam\u00e1han\u00ed v&nbsp;\u0165ahu<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-1 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:100%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:1.92%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:1.92%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":201,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"100-width.php","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-100","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zvaranie.mtf.stuba.sk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/100","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zvaranie.mtf.stuba.sk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zvaranie.mtf.stuba.sk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zvaranie.mtf.stuba.sk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zvaranie.mtf.stuba.sk\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=100"}],"version-history":[{"count":11,"href":"https:\/\/zvaranie.mtf.stuba.sk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/100\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":396,"href":"https:\/\/zvaranie.mtf.stuba.sk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/100\/revisions\/396"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zvaranie.mtf.stuba.sk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/201"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zvaranie.mtf.stuba.sk\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=100"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}