{"id":134,"date":"2023-12-13T18:02:18","date_gmt":"2023-12-13T17:02:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/zvaranie.mtf.stuba.sk\/?page_id=134"},"modified":"2025-11-24T17:49:18","modified_gmt":"2025-11-24T16:49:18","slug":"zvaranie-tlakom-za-studena","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/zvaranie.mtf.stuba.sk\/?page_id=134","title":{"rendered":"Zv\u00e1ranie tlakom za studena"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-1 fusion-flex-container nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"max-width:1248px;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-0 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:100%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:1.92%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:0px;--awb-spacing-left-large:1.92%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-1\"><p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Zv\u00e1ranie tlakom za studena (cold pressure welding; CW \u2013 cold welding (USA)) patr\u00ed medzi technol\u00f3gie zv\u00e1rania v&nbsp;pevnom stave, obr. 2.1[1 \u2013 14]. Realizuje sa pri teplote okolia (cca 20&nbsp;\u00b0C). Princ\u00edp technol\u00f3gie spo\u010d\u00edva v\u00a0pribl\u00ed\u017een\u00ed zv\u00e1ran\u00fdch materi\u00e1lov na medziat\u00f3mov\u00fa vzdialenos\u0165 za vzniku pevnej v\u00e4zby medzi at\u00f3mami. Bezdif\u00fazny spoj vznikne v&nbsp;d\u00f4sledku fyzik\u00e1lneho kontaktu a n\u00e1sledn\u00e9ho adh\u00e9zneho spojenia v&nbsp;r\u00e1mci interakcie medzi at\u00f3mami sp\u00e1jan\u00fdch materi\u00e1lov.<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-image-element \" style=\"text-align:center;--awb-caption-title-font-family:var(--h2_typography-font-family);--awb-caption-title-font-weight:var(--h2_typography-font-weight);--awb-caption-title-font-style:var(--h2_typography-font-style);--awb-caption-title-size:var(--h2_typography-font-size);--awb-caption-title-transform:var(--h2_typography-text-transform);--awb-caption-title-line-height:var(--h2_typography-line-height);--awb-caption-title-letter-spacing:var(--h2_typography-letter-spacing);\"><span class=\" fusion-imageframe imageframe-dropshadow imageframe-1 hover-type-none\" style=\"border:1px solid #e2e2e2;-webkit-box-shadow: 3px 3px 7px rgba(0,0,0,0.3);box-shadow: 3px 3px 7px rgba(0,0,0,0.3);\"><a href=\"https:\/\/zvaranie.mtf.stuba.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image001.jpg\" class=\"fusion-lightbox\" data-rel=\"iLightbox[tzs]\" data-title=\"image001\" title=\"image001\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"839\" src=\"https:\/\/zvaranie.mtf.stuba.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image001-600x839.jpg\" alt class=\"img-responsive wp-image-1283\" srcset=\"https:\/\/zvaranie.mtf.stuba.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image001-200x280.jpg 200w, https:\/\/zvaranie.mtf.stuba.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image001-400x560.jpg 400w, https:\/\/zvaranie.mtf.stuba.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image001-600x839.jpg 600w, https:\/\/zvaranie.mtf.stuba.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image001.jpg 672w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/a><\/span><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-2\"><h6 style=\"text-align: center;\">Obr. 2.1 Rozdelenie technol\u00f3gi\u00ed zv\u00e1rania v\u00a0tuhom stave<\/h6>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">V snahe objasni\u0165 mechanizmus vzniku spoja vzniklo nieko\u013eko hypot\u00e9z (rekry\u0161taliza\u010dn\u00e1, dif\u00fazna, povrchov\u00fdch vrstiev, energetick\u00e1, disloka\u010dn\u00e1, deforma\u010dn\u00e1, termoelektrickej sily a pod.). Aby vznikol zvarov\u00fd spoj mus\u00ed prebehn\u00fa\u0165:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>tvorba fyzik\u00e1lneho kontaktu,<\/li>\n<li>aktiv\u00e1cia povrchov zvarov\u00fdch pl\u00f4ch,<\/li>\n<li>objemov\u00e9 procesy (plastick\u00e1 deform\u00e1cia zv\u00e1ran\u00fdch materi\u00e1lov).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Zvarov\u00fd spoj vznikne vtedy, ak sa povrchy sp\u00e1jan\u00fdch materi\u00e1lov pribl\u00ed\u017eia k\u00a0sebe na tak\u00fa vzdialenos\u0165, \u017ee vznik\u00e1 vz\u00e1jomn\u00e9 p\u00f4sobenie medzi vo\u013en\u00fdmi elektr\u00f3nmi a\u00a0ionizovan\u00fdmi at\u00f3mami. Zvarov\u00fd spoj vznikne ako d\u00f4sledok z\u00e1niku potenci\u00e1lnej bari\u00e9ry a\u00a0utvorenia spolo\u010dn\u00e9ho elektr\u00f3nov\u00e9ho oblaku, ktor\u00fd p\u00f4sob\u00ed na at\u00f3my obidvoch kovov\u00fdch povrchov. Aby sa utvoril zvarov\u00fd spoj, mus\u00ed sa uskuto\u010dni\u0165 plastick\u00e9 pretvorenie (prahov\u00e1 deform\u00e1cia) zv\u00e1ran\u00fdch materi\u00e1lov, obr. 2.2, 2.3. Po po\u010diato\u010dnom kontakte materi\u00e1lov na \u00farovni v\u00fdstupkov mikronerovnost\u00ed nasleduje zv\u00e4\u010d\u0161ovanie plochy priameho kovov\u00e9ho kontaktu. V\u00a0deformovan\u00fdch oblastiach povrchov\u00fdch vrstiev hr\u00fabky nieko\u013ek\u00fdch medziat\u00f3mov\u00fdch vzdialenost\u00ed vznik\u00e1 chemicky akt\u00edvny povrch, na ktorom prebiehaj\u00fa procesy a\u00a0tvoria sa zvarov\u00e9 most\u00edky. Na chemick\u00e9 naviazanie materi\u00e1lov kladne p\u00f4sob\u00ed v\u0161etko, \u010do zvy\u0161uje energiu at\u00f3mov v&nbsp;kry\u0161t\u00e1lovej mrie\u017eke [1, 2, 12, 14].<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-builder-row-inner fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"width:104% !important;max-width:104% !important;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column_inner fusion-builder-nested-column-0 fusion_builder_column_inner_1_2 1_2 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:50%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:3.84%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:3.84%;--awb-width-medium:50%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:3.84%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:3.84%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-image-element \" style=\"text-align:center;--awb-caption-title-font-family:var(--h2_typography-font-family);--awb-caption-title-font-weight:var(--h2_typography-font-weight);--awb-caption-title-font-style:var(--h2_typography-font-style);--awb-caption-title-size:var(--h2_typography-font-size);--awb-caption-title-transform:var(--h2_typography-text-transform);--awb-caption-title-line-height:var(--h2_typography-line-height);--awb-caption-title-letter-spacing:var(--h2_typography-letter-spacing);\"><span class=\" fusion-imageframe imageframe-dropshadow imageframe-2 hover-type-none\" style=\"border:1px solid #e2e2e2;-webkit-box-shadow: 3px 3px 7px rgba(0,0,0,0.3);box-shadow: 3px 3px 7px rgba(0,0,0,0.3);\"><a href=\"https:\/\/zvaranie.mtf.stuba.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image003.jpg\" class=\"fusion-lightbox\" data-rel=\"iLightbox[tzs]\" data-title=\"image003\" title=\"image003\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"308\" src=\"https:\/\/zvaranie.mtf.stuba.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image003-600x308.jpg\" alt class=\"img-responsive wp-image-1284\" srcset=\"https:\/\/zvaranie.mtf.stuba.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image003-200x103.jpg 200w, https:\/\/zvaranie.mtf.stuba.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image003-400x205.jpg 400w, https:\/\/zvaranie.mtf.stuba.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image003-600x308.jpg 600w, https:\/\/zvaranie.mtf.stuba.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image003.jpg 631w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/a><\/span><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-3\"><h6 style=\"text-align: center;\">Obr. 2.2 Schematick\u00e9 zn\u00e1zornenie lok\u00e1lneho fyzik\u00e1lneho kontaktu v\u00a0mieste mikronerovnosti [1]<\/h6>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column_inner fusion-builder-nested-column-1 fusion_builder_column_inner_1_2 1_2 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:50%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:3.84%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:3.84%;--awb-width-medium:50%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:3.84%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:3.84%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-image-element \" style=\"text-align:center;--awb-caption-title-font-family:var(--h2_typography-font-family);--awb-caption-title-font-weight:var(--h2_typography-font-weight);--awb-caption-title-font-style:var(--h2_typography-font-style);--awb-caption-title-size:var(--h2_typography-font-size);--awb-caption-title-transform:var(--h2_typography-text-transform);--awb-caption-title-line-height:var(--h2_typography-line-height);--awb-caption-title-letter-spacing:var(--h2_typography-letter-spacing);\"><span class=\" fusion-imageframe imageframe-dropshadow imageframe-3 hover-type-none\" style=\"border:1px solid #e2e2e2;-webkit-box-shadow: 3px 3px 7px rgba(0,0,0,0.3);box-shadow: 3px 3px 7px rgba(0,0,0,0.3);\"><a href=\"https:\/\/zvaranie.mtf.stuba.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image005.png\" class=\"fusion-lightbox\" data-rel=\"iLightbox[tzs]\" data-title=\"image005\" title=\"image005\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"502\" height=\"716\" src=\"https:\/\/zvaranie.mtf.stuba.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image005.png\" alt class=\"img-responsive wp-image-1285\" srcset=\"https:\/\/zvaranie.mtf.stuba.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image005-200x285.png 200w, https:\/\/zvaranie.mtf.stuba.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image005-400x571.png 400w, https:\/\/zvaranie.mtf.stuba.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image005.png 502w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 502px\" \/><\/a><\/span><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-4\"><h6 style=\"text-align: center;\">Obr. 2.3 Prierez tlakov\u00e9ho spoja Al-Al za studena [15]<\/h6>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-5\"><p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Zvarite\u013enos\u0165 kovov pri zv\u00e1ran\u00ed tlakom za studena ovplyv\u0148uj\u00fa tieto faktory [1, 2, 12]:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>chemick\u00e9 zlo\u017eenie zv\u00e1ran\u00e9ho materi\u00e1lu \u2013 \u010dist\u00e9 kovy sa zv\u00e1raj\u00fa \u013eah\u0161ie ako legovan\u00e9 kovy (me\u010f a hlin\u00edk sa zv\u00e1raj\u00fa lep\u0161ie ako mosadz resp. silum\u00edn),<\/li>\n<li>pomer tvrdosti povrchov\u00e9ho oxidu k&nbsp;zv\u00e1ran\u00e9mu kovu \u2013 kovy s&nbsp;tvrdou oxidickou vrstvou sa zv\u00e1raj\u00fa \u013eah\u0161ie ako kovy s&nbsp;m\u00e4kkou oxidickou vrstvou,<\/li>\n<li>fyzik\u00e1lno-mechanick\u00e9 vlastnosti zv\u00e1ran\u00fdch materi\u00e1lov \u2013 \u017eiad\u00face s\u00fa: ve\u013ek\u00e1 deforma\u010dn\u00e1 schopnos\u0165 bez zvy\u0161kov\u00fdch nap\u00e4t\u00ed, n\u00edzka medza pevnosti a\u00a0pru\u017enosti, n\u00edzka medza te\u010denia a\u00a0n\u00edzka senzitivita ku krehk\u00e9mu poru\u0161eniu,<\/li>\n<li>druh mrie\u017eky zv\u00e1ran\u00e9ho materi\u00e1lu \u2013 pri plastickej deform\u00e1cii doch\u00e1dza p\u00f4soben\u00edm nap\u00e4tia ku sklzu v\u00a0rovin\u00e1ch najhustej\u0161ie obsaden\u00fdch at\u00f3mami. Preto sa najlep\u0161ie bud\u00fa sp\u00e1ja\u0165 kovy s&nbsp;kubickou plo\u0161ne centrovanou mrie\u017ekou (Al, Cu, Ag, Au, Pt, Ni, Pb, Pd, Ir, austenitick\u00e1 oce\u013e). Kovy s\u00a0kubickou priestorovo centrovanou mrie\u017ekou maj\u00fa v\u00fdrazne men\u0161iu deforma\u010dn\u00fa schopnos\u0165. Najhor\u0161ie vlastnosti z\u00a0h\u013eadiska schopnosti plastickej deform\u00e1cie maj\u00fa kovy s\u00a0hexagon\u00e1lnou mrie\u017ekou (v\u00fdnimkou s\u00fa tit\u00e1n a zirk\u00f3nium).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Mo\u017en\u00e9 materi\u00e1lov\u00e9 kombin\u00e1cie, ktor\u00e9 je mo\u017en\u00e9 zv\u00e1ra\u0165 tlakom za studena s\u00fa uveden\u00e9<br \/>\nv\u00a0tab. 2.1.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><em>Tab. 2.1 Zvarite\u013enos\u0165 dvoj\u00edc kovov za studena, zisten\u00e1 experiment\u00e1lne [1]<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-image-element \" style=\"text-align:center;--awb-caption-title-font-family:var(--h2_typography-font-family);--awb-caption-title-font-weight:var(--h2_typography-font-weight);--awb-caption-title-font-style:var(--h2_typography-font-style);--awb-caption-title-size:var(--h2_typography-font-size);--awb-caption-title-transform:var(--h2_typography-text-transform);--awb-caption-title-line-height:var(--h2_typography-line-height);--awb-caption-title-letter-spacing:var(--h2_typography-letter-spacing);\"><span class=\" fusion-imageframe imageframe-none imageframe-4 hover-type-none\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"548\" title=\"image007\" src=\"https:\/\/zvaranie.mtf.stuba.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image007-800x548.png\" alt class=\"img-responsive wp-image-1286\" srcset=\"https:\/\/zvaranie.mtf.stuba.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image007-200x137.png 200w, https:\/\/zvaranie.mtf.stuba.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image007-400x274.png 400w, https:\/\/zvaranie.mtf.stuba.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image007-600x411.png 600w, https:\/\/zvaranie.mtf.stuba.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image007-800x548.png 800w, https:\/\/zvaranie.mtf.stuba.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image007.png 1166w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/span><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-6\"><p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Najd\u00f4le\u017eitej\u0161ie podmienky pre \u00faspe\u0161n\u00e9 zv\u00e1ranie materi\u00e1lov s\u00fa: kontinu\u00e1lna plastick\u00e1 deform\u00e1cia, intenz\u00edvne te\u010denie kovu v&nbsp;oblasti rozhrania, symetrick\u00e9 te\u010denie kovu, v\u0161estrann\u00fd tlak v&nbsp;z\u00e1vere\u010dnom \u0161t\u00e1diu tvorby spoja a kovovo \u010dist\u00e9 zvarov\u00e9 plochy.<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\">TVORBA TEPLA PRI ZV\u00c1RAN\u00cd<\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Mal\u00e9 mno\u017estvo tepla vzniknut\u00e9 v&nbsp;d\u00f4sledku plastickej deform\u00e1cie zv\u00e1ran\u00fdch materi\u00e1lov sa okam\u017eite odvedie spravidla do materi\u00e1lov, ktor\u00e9 sa zv\u00e1raj\u00fa. Pri zv\u00e1ran\u00ed tlakom za studena \u00faplne absentuje tepelne ovplyvnen\u00e1 oblas\u0165 (TOO) [1].<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\">ZARIADENIA A\u00a0PR\u00cdSLU\u0160ENSTVO<\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Ke\u010f\u017ee princ\u00edpom zv\u00e1rania tlakom za studena je vyvinutie dostato\u010dn\u00e9ho tlaku, technol\u00f3gia sa realizuje preva\u017ene na lisoch s\u00a0pou\u017eit\u00edm \u0161peci\u00e1lnych zv\u00e1rac\u00edch zariaden\u00ed a pr\u00edpravkov.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa sa rozli\u010dn\u00e9 druhy pre r\u00f4zne sp\u00f4soby zv\u00e1rania (bodov\u00e9, \u0161vov\u00e9, stykov\u00e9) a pod.<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\">BODOV\u00c9 ZV\u00c1RANIE<\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Rob\u00ed sa preva\u017ene n\u00e1strojmi upnut\u00fdmi v&nbsp;zv\u00e1rac\u00edch lisoch. Tvar bodov je naj\u010dastej\u0161ie kruhov\u00fd alebo obd\u013a\u017enikov\u00fd, obr. 2.4.<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-image-element \" style=\"text-align:center;--awb-caption-title-font-family:var(--h2_typography-font-family);--awb-caption-title-font-weight:var(--h2_typography-font-weight);--awb-caption-title-font-style:var(--h2_typography-font-style);--awb-caption-title-size:var(--h2_typography-font-size);--awb-caption-title-transform:var(--h2_typography-text-transform);--awb-caption-title-line-height:var(--h2_typography-line-height);--awb-caption-title-letter-spacing:var(--h2_typography-letter-spacing);\"><span class=\" fusion-imageframe imageframe-dropshadow imageframe-5 hover-type-none\" style=\"border:1px solid #e2e2e2;-webkit-box-shadow: 3px 3px 7px rgba(0,0,0,0.3);box-shadow: 3px 3px 7px rgba(0,0,0,0.3);\"><a href=\"https:\/\/zvaranie.mtf.stuba.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image009.jpg\" class=\"fusion-lightbox\" data-rel=\"iLightbox[tzs]\" data-title=\"image009\" title=\"image009\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"261\" src=\"https:\/\/zvaranie.mtf.stuba.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image009-600x261.jpg\" alt class=\"img-responsive wp-image-1287\" srcset=\"https:\/\/zvaranie.mtf.stuba.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image009-200x87.jpg 200w, https:\/\/zvaranie.mtf.stuba.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image009-400x174.jpg 400w, https:\/\/zvaranie.mtf.stuba.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image009-600x261.jpg 600w, https:\/\/zvaranie.mtf.stuba.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image009.jpg 748w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/a><\/span><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-7\"><h6 style=\"text-align: center;\">Obr. 2.4 Mo\u017en\u00e9 tvary prierezu bodov\u00fdch zvarov\u00fdch spojov [1]\nKruhov\u00fd bod m\u00e1 ma\u0165 priemer (1 \u2013 1,5)\u00d7h (hr\u00fabka zv\u00e1ran\u00e9ho materi\u00e1lu), obd\u013a\u017enikov\u00fd bod m\u00e1 ma\u0165 rozmery a\u00d7b, pri\u010dom a=(1 \u2013 1,5)\u00d7h, a\u00a0b=(5 \u2013 6)\u00d7a.<\/h6>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-image-element \" style=\"text-align:center;--awb-caption-title-font-family:var(--h2_typography-font-family);--awb-caption-title-font-weight:var(--h2_typography-font-weight);--awb-caption-title-font-style:var(--h2_typography-font-style);--awb-caption-title-size:var(--h2_typography-font-size);--awb-caption-title-transform:var(--h2_typography-text-transform);--awb-caption-title-line-height:var(--h2_typography-line-height);--awb-caption-title-letter-spacing:var(--h2_typography-letter-spacing);\"><span class=\" fusion-imageframe imageframe-dropshadow imageframe-6 hover-type-none\" style=\"border:1px solid #e2e2e2;-webkit-box-shadow: 3px 3px 7px rgba(0,0,0,0.3);box-shadow: 3px 3px 7px rgba(0,0,0,0.3);\"><a href=\"https:\/\/zvaranie.mtf.stuba.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image011.png\" class=\"fusion-lightbox\" data-rel=\"iLightbox[tzs]\" data-title=\"image011\" title=\"image011\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"534\" src=\"https:\/\/zvaranie.mtf.stuba.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image011-600x534.png\" alt class=\"img-responsive wp-image-1288\" srcset=\"https:\/\/zvaranie.mtf.stuba.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image011-200x178.png 200w, https:\/\/zvaranie.mtf.stuba.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image011-400x356.png 400w, https:\/\/zvaranie.mtf.stuba.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image011-600x534.png 600w, https:\/\/zvaranie.mtf.stuba.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image011-800x712.png 800w, https:\/\/zvaranie.mtf.stuba.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image011.png 923w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/a><\/span><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-8\"><h6 style=\"text-align: center;\">Obr. 2.5 Princ\u00edp bodov\u00e9ho zv\u00e1rania prepl\u00e1tovan\u00fdch spojov jednoduch\u00fdm n\u00e1strojom [1]\nt \u2013 hr\u00fabka dvojice sp\u00e1jan\u00fdch materi\u00e1lov, h<sub>1 <\/sub>\u2013 hr\u00fabka sp\u00e1jan\u00fdch materi\u00e1lov po stla\u010den\u00ed, d \u2013 priemer n\u00e1stroja, F \u2013 pr\u00edtla\u010dn\u00e1 sila<\/h6>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-9\"><p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Na zv\u00e1ranie spevnen\u00fdch materi\u00e1lov s\u00fa vhodnej\u0161ie obd\u013a\u017enikov\u00e9 body. Jednoduch\u00fd n\u00e1stroj na bodov\u00e9 zv\u00e1ranie prepl\u00e1tovan\u00fdch materi\u00e1lov je na obr. 2.5.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Pri zv\u00e1ran\u00ed materi\u00e1lov r\u00f4znych hr\u00fabok sa vtl\u00e1\u010da n\u00e1stroj zo strany ten\u0161ieho materi\u00e1lu. Kvalita zvarov\u00fdch spojov priamo s\u00favis\u00ed s\u00a0ve\u013ekos\u0165ou deform\u00e1cie (h\u013abky vtla\u010denia n\u00e1stroja).<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a name=\"_Toc93303090\"><\/a>\u0160VOV\u00c9 ZV\u00c1RANIE<\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0160vov\u00e9 zv\u00e1ranie sa m\u00f4\u017ee realizova\u0165 na jedno\u00fa\u010delov\u00fdch strojoch na princ\u00edpe obrubovac\u00edch strojov. Zvarov\u00fd spoj sa vytvor\u00ed bu\u010f postupn\u00fdm vtl\u00e1\u010dan\u00edm ot\u00e1\u010daj\u00facich sa kladiek do materi\u00e1lu alebo naraz v\u00a0celom zv\u00e1ranom priereze tlakom lisu. Sch\u00e9ma \u0161vov\u00e9ho zv\u00e1rania kladkami s\u00a0obojstrannou deform\u00e1ciou je na obr. 2.6.<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-image-element \" style=\"text-align:center;--awb-caption-title-font-family:var(--h2_typography-font-family);--awb-caption-title-font-weight:var(--h2_typography-font-weight);--awb-caption-title-font-style:var(--h2_typography-font-style);--awb-caption-title-size:var(--h2_typography-font-size);--awb-caption-title-transform:var(--h2_typography-text-transform);--awb-caption-title-line-height:var(--h2_typography-line-height);--awb-caption-title-letter-spacing:var(--h2_typography-letter-spacing);\"><span class=\" fusion-imageframe imageframe-dropshadow imageframe-7 hover-type-none\" style=\"border:1px solid #e2e2e2;-webkit-box-shadow: 3px 3px 7px rgba(0,0,0,0.3);box-shadow: 3px 3px 7px rgba(0,0,0,0.3);\"><a href=\"https:\/\/zvaranie.mtf.stuba.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image013.png\" class=\"fusion-lightbox\" data-rel=\"iLightbox[tzs]\" data-title=\"image013\" title=\"image013\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"897\" src=\"https:\/\/zvaranie.mtf.stuba.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image013-600x897.png\" alt class=\"img-responsive wp-image-1289\" srcset=\"https:\/\/zvaranie.mtf.stuba.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image013-200x299.png 200w, https:\/\/zvaranie.mtf.stuba.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image013-400x598.png 400w, https:\/\/zvaranie.mtf.stuba.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image013-600x897.png 600w, https:\/\/zvaranie.mtf.stuba.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image013.png 603w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/a><\/span><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-10\"><h6 style=\"text-align: center;\">Obr. 2.6 Princ\u00edp \u0161vov\u00e9ho zv\u00e1rania s\u00a0obojstrannou deform\u00e1ciou [1]\na \u2013 \u0161\u00edrka dosadacej plochy kladky, c \u2013 \u0161\u00edrka opornej plochy kladky, F \u2013 pr\u00edtla\u010dn\u00e1 sila, h \u2013 hr\u00fabka zv\u00e1ran\u00e9ho materi\u00e1lu, h<sub>1 <\/sub>\u2013 hr\u00fabka sp\u00e1jan\u00fdch materi\u00e1lov po stla\u010den\u00ed, t \u2013 hr\u00fabka dvojice sp\u00e1jan\u00fdch materi\u00e1lov, D \u2013 priemer kladky<\/h6>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Pri zv\u00e1ran\u00ed s&nbsp;jednostrannou deform\u00e1ciou materi\u00e1lov r\u00f4znych hr\u00fabok sa materi\u00e1l deformuje zo strany ten\u0161ieho materi\u00e1lu. \u0160vov\u00e9 zv\u00e1ranie lisovan\u00edm je zn\u00e1zornen\u00e9 na obr. 2.7.\u00a0Zvarov\u00fd spoj sa utvor\u00ed na jednu oper\u00e1ciu. \u0160vov\u00e9 zv\u00e1ranie pretl\u00e1\u010dan\u00edm je zn\u00e1zornen\u00e9 na obr.\u00a02.8.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-2 fusion-flex-container has-pattern-background has-mask-background nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"max-width:1248px;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-1 fusion_builder_column_1_2 1_2 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:50%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:3.84%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:3.84%;--awb-width-medium:50%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:3.84%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:3.84%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-image-element \" style=\"text-align:center;--awb-caption-title-font-family:var(--h2_typography-font-family);--awb-caption-title-font-weight:var(--h2_typography-font-weight);--awb-caption-title-font-style:var(--h2_typography-font-style);--awb-caption-title-size:var(--h2_typography-font-size);--awb-caption-title-transform:var(--h2_typography-text-transform);--awb-caption-title-line-height:var(--h2_typography-line-height);--awb-caption-title-letter-spacing:var(--h2_typography-letter-spacing);\"><span class=\" fusion-imageframe imageframe-dropshadow imageframe-8 hover-type-none\" style=\"border:1px solid #e2e2e2;-webkit-box-shadow: 3px 3px 7px rgba(0,0,0,0.3);box-shadow: 3px 3px 7px rgba(0,0,0,0.3);\"><a href=\"https:\/\/zvaranie.mtf.stuba.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image015.png\" class=\"fusion-lightbox\" data-rel=\"iLightbox[tzs]\" data-title=\"image015\" title=\"image015\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"924\" src=\"https:\/\/zvaranie.mtf.stuba.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image015-600x924.png\" alt class=\"img-responsive wp-image-1290\" srcset=\"https:\/\/zvaranie.mtf.stuba.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image015-200x308.png 200w, https:\/\/zvaranie.mtf.stuba.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image015-400x616.png 400w, https:\/\/zvaranie.mtf.stuba.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image015-600x924.png 600w, https:\/\/zvaranie.mtf.stuba.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image015.png 797w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/a><\/span><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-11\"><h6 style=\"text-align: center;\">Obr. 2.7 \u0160vov\u00e9 zv\u00e1ranie lisovan\u00edm [1]<\/h6>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-2 fusion_builder_column_1_2 1_2 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:50%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:3.84%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:3.84%;--awb-width-medium:50%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:3.84%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:3.84%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-image-element \" style=\"text-align:center;--awb-caption-title-font-family:var(--h2_typography-font-family);--awb-caption-title-font-weight:var(--h2_typography-font-weight);--awb-caption-title-font-style:var(--h2_typography-font-style);--awb-caption-title-size:var(--h2_typography-font-size);--awb-caption-title-transform:var(--h2_typography-text-transform);--awb-caption-title-line-height:var(--h2_typography-line-height);--awb-caption-title-letter-spacing:var(--h2_typography-letter-spacing);\"><span class=\" fusion-imageframe imageframe-dropshadow imageframe-9 hover-type-none\" style=\"border:1px solid #e2e2e2;-webkit-box-shadow: 3px 3px 7px rgba(0,0,0,0.3);box-shadow: 3px 3px 7px rgba(0,0,0,0.3);\"><a href=\"https:\/\/zvaranie.mtf.stuba.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image017.png\" class=\"fusion-lightbox\" data-rel=\"iLightbox[tzs]\" data-title=\"image017\" title=\"image017\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"462\" height=\"631\" src=\"https:\/\/zvaranie.mtf.stuba.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image017.png\" alt class=\"img-responsive wp-image-1291\" srcset=\"https:\/\/zvaranie.mtf.stuba.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image017-200x273.png 200w, https:\/\/zvaranie.mtf.stuba.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image017-400x546.png 400w, https:\/\/zvaranie.mtf.stuba.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image017.png 462w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 462px\" \/><\/a><\/span><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-12\"><h6 style=\"text-align: center;\">Obr. 2.8 Princ\u00edp \u0161vov\u00e9ho zv\u00e1rania pretl\u00e1\u010dan\u00edm [1]<\/h6>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-3 fusion-flex-container has-pattern-background has-mask-background nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"max-width:1248px;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-3 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:100%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:1.92%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:1.92%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-13\"><p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Priemer n\u00e1stroja je navrhnut\u00fd tak, aby pri tlaku lisovn\u00edka do\u0161lo k\u00a0po\u017eadovanej redukcii hr\u00fabky materi\u00e1lov. Prebyto\u010dn\u00fd materi\u00e1l odstr\u00e1ni rezn\u00e1 hrana priemeru e.<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\">ZV\u00c1RANIE PRETL\u00c1\u010cAN\u00cdM<\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Procesy objemov\u00e9ho tv\u00e1rnenia a\u00a0zv\u00e1rania prebiehaj\u00fa s\u00fa\u010dasne v\u00a0jednej oper\u00e1cii (obr. 2.9) a doch\u00e1dza k\u00a0spevneniu cel\u00e9ho objemu s\u00fa\u010diastky, nielen okolia zvarov\u00e9ho spoja. S\u00fa\u010diastku netreba \u010falej opracov\u00e1va\u0165. Najlep\u0161ie podmienky sa dosahuj\u00fa pri sp\u00e4tnom pretla\u010dovan\u00ed, preto\u017ee sa intenz\u00edvnej\u0161ie poru\u0161uj\u00fa povrchov\u00e9 vrstvy materi\u00e1lov [1, 9].<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-image-element \" style=\"text-align:center;--awb-caption-title-font-family:var(--h2_typography-font-family);--awb-caption-title-font-weight:var(--h2_typography-font-weight);--awb-caption-title-font-style:var(--h2_typography-font-style);--awb-caption-title-size:var(--h2_typography-font-size);--awb-caption-title-transform:var(--h2_typography-text-transform);--awb-caption-title-line-height:var(--h2_typography-line-height);--awb-caption-title-letter-spacing:var(--h2_typography-letter-spacing);\"><span class=\" fusion-imageframe imageframe-dropshadow imageframe-10 hover-type-none\" style=\"border:1px solid #e2e2e2;-webkit-box-shadow: 3px 3px 7px rgba(0,0,0,0.3);box-shadow: 3px 3px 7px rgba(0,0,0,0.3);\"><a href=\"https:\/\/zvaranie.mtf.stuba.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image019.png\" class=\"fusion-lightbox\" data-rel=\"iLightbox[tzs]\" data-title=\"image019\" title=\"image019\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"353\" src=\"https:\/\/zvaranie.mtf.stuba.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image019-600x353.png\" alt class=\"img-responsive wp-image-1292\" srcset=\"https:\/\/zvaranie.mtf.stuba.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image019-200x118.png 200w, https:\/\/zvaranie.mtf.stuba.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image019-400x236.png 400w, https:\/\/zvaranie.mtf.stuba.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image019-600x353.png 600w, https:\/\/zvaranie.mtf.stuba.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image019-800x471.png 800w, https:\/\/zvaranie.mtf.stuba.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image019.png 832w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/a><\/span><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-14\"><h6 style=\"text-align: center;\">Obr. 2.9 Zv\u00e1ranie a,b \u2013 dopredn\u00fdm, c \u2013 sp\u00e4tn\u00fdm pretl\u00e1\u010dan\u00edm [1]<\/h6>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0160MYKOV\u00c9 ZV\u00c1RANIE<\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Zvar vznikne v\u00a0d\u00f4sledku p\u00f4sobenia norm\u00e1lov\u00e9ho tlaku a\u00a0tangenci\u00e1lneho pohybu zv\u00e1ran\u00fdch materi\u00e1lov, obr. 2.10.<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-image-element \" style=\"text-align:center;--awb-caption-title-font-family:var(--h2_typography-font-family);--awb-caption-title-font-weight:var(--h2_typography-font-weight);--awb-caption-title-font-style:var(--h2_typography-font-style);--awb-caption-title-size:var(--h2_typography-font-size);--awb-caption-title-transform:var(--h2_typography-text-transform);--awb-caption-title-line-height:var(--h2_typography-line-height);--awb-caption-title-letter-spacing:var(--h2_typography-letter-spacing);\"><span class=\" fusion-imageframe imageframe-dropshadow imageframe-11 hover-type-none\" style=\"border:1px solid #e2e2e2;-webkit-box-shadow: 3px 3px 7px rgba(0,0,0,0.3);box-shadow: 3px 3px 7px rgba(0,0,0,0.3);\"><a href=\"https:\/\/zvaranie.mtf.stuba.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image021.png\" class=\"fusion-lightbox\" data-rel=\"iLightbox[tzs]\" data-title=\"image021\" title=\"image021\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"367\" src=\"https:\/\/zvaranie.mtf.stuba.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image021-600x367.png\" alt class=\"img-responsive wp-image-1293\" srcset=\"https:\/\/zvaranie.mtf.stuba.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image021-200x122.png 200w, https:\/\/zvaranie.mtf.stuba.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image021-400x245.png 400w, https:\/\/zvaranie.mtf.stuba.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image021-600x367.png 600w, https:\/\/zvaranie.mtf.stuba.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image021-800x490.png 800w, https:\/\/zvaranie.mtf.stuba.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image021-1200x735.png 1200w, https:\/\/zvaranie.mtf.stuba.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image021.png 1238w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><\/a><\/span><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-15\"><h6 style=\"text-align: center;\">Obr. 2.10 \u0160mykov\u00e9 zv\u00e1ranie [1]<\/h6>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">V\u00fdsledn\u00e1 pevnos\u0165 spoja z\u00e1vis\u00ed od tangenci\u00e1lnej sily F<sub>t<\/sub>, norm\u00e1lovej sily F<sub>n<\/sub> a\u00a0dr\u00e1hy \u0161myku l<sub>\u0161<\/sub>. L<sub>p<\/sub> je za\u010diato\u010dn\u00e9 prepl\u00e1tovanie, l<sub>k<\/sub> je v\u00fdsledn\u00e9 prepl\u00e1tovanie po zv\u00e1ran\u00ed [1].<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\">STYKOV\u00c9 ZV\u00c1RANIE<\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Okrem zv\u00e1rania prepl\u00e1tovan\u00fdch spojov je stykov\u00e9 zv\u00e1ranie tlakom za studena najpou\u017e\u00edvanej\u0161ou technol\u00f3giou zv\u00e1rania tlakom za studena. Princ\u00edp spo\u010d\u00edva v\u00a0pritl\u00e1\u010dan\u00ed \u010deln\u00fdch pl\u00f4ch zv\u00e1ran\u00fdch materi\u00e1lov k\u00a0sebe takou silou, \u017ee d\u00f4jde k\u00a0rozru\u0161eniu a\u00a0vytla\u010deniu ne\u017eiaducich povrchov\u00fdch vrstiev materi\u00e1lu z\u00a0miesta spoja v\u00a0tvare pr\u00edruby [1,11].<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">V\u00a0praxi sa stykov\u00e9 zv\u00e1ranie realizuje v\u00a0n\u00e1stroji, pri\u010dom d\u00f4jde k\u00a0stla\u010deniu materi\u00e1lu a\u017e na dosadnutie \u010de\u013eust\u00ed n\u00e1stroja, obr. 2.11. Z\u00e1kladn\u00fdm parametrom zv\u00e1rania je vylo\u017eenie materi\u00e1lu h<sub>0<\/sub>. Vylo\u017eenie materi\u00e1l h<sub>0<\/sub> je pri zv\u00e1ran\u00ed materi\u00e1lu rovnak\u00fdch, resp. rovnako tvrd\u00fdch materi\u00e1lov rovnak\u00e9. Pri zv\u00e1ran\u00ed materi\u00e1lov, ktor\u00e9 sa l\u00ed\u0161ia v\u00a0chemickom zlo\u017een\u00ed, resp. tvrdosti prebieha deform\u00e1cia nes\u00famerne. Najprv sa deformuje m\u00e4k\u0161\u00ed kov, nastane jeho spevnenie, a\u017e po spevnen\u00ed m\u00e4k\u0161ieho kovu sa za\u010dne deformova\u0165 tvrd\u0161\u00ed kov. Vylo\u017eenie m\u00e4k\u0161ieho materi\u00e1lu by malo by\u0165 men\u0161ie, \u010d\u00edm sa zv\u00fd\u0161i odpor proti jeho deform\u00e1cii. N\u00e1stroj m\u00e1 po obvode vytvoren\u00fa dr\u00e1\u017eku ktor\u00e1 sl\u00fa\u017ei ako z\u00e1sobn\u00edk vytla\u010den\u00e9ho materi\u00e1lu. Dr\u00e1\u017eka je vyroben\u00e1 pod uhlom \u03b1, ktor\u00fd je max. 30\u00b0. So zv\u00e4\u010d\u0161ovan\u00edm uhla \u03b1 kles\u00e1 stl\u00e1\u010dacia sila, potrebn\u00e1 na zv\u00e1ranie.<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-image-element \" style=\"text-align:center;--awb-caption-title-font-family:var(--h2_typography-font-family);--awb-caption-title-font-weight:var(--h2_typography-font-weight);--awb-caption-title-font-style:var(--h2_typography-font-style);--awb-caption-title-size:var(--h2_typography-font-size);--awb-caption-title-transform:var(--h2_typography-text-transform);--awb-caption-title-line-height:var(--h2_typography-line-height);--awb-caption-title-letter-spacing:var(--h2_typography-letter-spacing);\"><span class=\" fusion-imageframe imageframe-dropshadow imageframe-12 hover-type-none\" style=\"border:1px solid #e2e2e2;-webkit-box-shadow: 3px 3px 7px rgba(0,0,0,0.3);box-shadow: 3px 3px 7px rgba(0,0,0,0.3);\"><a href=\"https:\/\/zvaranie.mtf.stuba.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image023.png\" class=\"fusion-lightbox\" data-rel=\"iLightbox[tzs]\" data-title=\"image023\" title=\"image023\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"470\" src=\"https:\/\/zvaranie.mtf.stuba.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image023-600x470.png\" alt class=\"img-responsive wp-image-1294\" srcset=\"https:\/\/zvaranie.mtf.stuba.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image023-200x157.png 200w, https:\/\/zvaranie.mtf.stuba.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image023-400x314.png 400w, https:\/\/zvaranie.mtf.stuba.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image023-600x470.png 600w, https:\/\/zvaranie.mtf.stuba.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image023-800x627.png 800w, https:\/\/zvaranie.mtf.stuba.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image023-1200x941.png 1200w, https:\/\/zvaranie.mtf.stuba.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image023.png 1332w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><\/a><\/span><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-16\"><h6 style=\"text-align: center;\">Obr. 2.11 Princ\u00edp stykov\u00e9ho zv\u00e1rania tlakom za studena [1]<\/h6>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Na stykov\u00e9 zv\u00e1ranie k\u00e1blov\u00fdch \u00f4k, spojok a svoriek vodi\u010dov Al a Al-Cu sl\u00fa\u017eia r\u00f4zne typy mechanick\u00fdch klie\u0161t\u00ed, hydraulick\u00e9 lisy a nastre\u013eovacie pr\u00edstroje, obr. 2.12 [4 \u2013 10].<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-builder-row-inner fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"width:104% !important;max-width:104% !important;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column_inner fusion-builder-nested-column-2 fusion_builder_column_inner_1_2 1_2 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:50%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:3.84%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:3.84%;--awb-width-medium:50%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:3.84%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:3.84%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-image-element \" style=\"text-align:right;--awb-caption-title-font-family:var(--h2_typography-font-family);--awb-caption-title-font-weight:var(--h2_typography-font-weight);--awb-caption-title-font-style:var(--h2_typography-font-style);--awb-caption-title-size:var(--h2_typography-font-size);--awb-caption-title-transform:var(--h2_typography-text-transform);--awb-caption-title-line-height:var(--h2_typography-line-height);--awb-caption-title-letter-spacing:var(--h2_typography-letter-spacing);\"><span class=\" fusion-imageframe imageframe-dropshadow imageframe-13 hover-type-none\" style=\"border:1px solid #e2e2e2;-webkit-box-shadow: 3px 3px 7px rgba(0,0,0,0.3);box-shadow: 3px 3px 7px rgba(0,0,0,0.3);\"><a href=\"https:\/\/zvaranie.mtf.stuba.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image025.png\" class=\"fusion-lightbox\" data-rel=\"iLightbox[tzs]\" data-title=\"image025\" title=\"image025\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"400\" height=\"312\" src=\"https:\/\/zvaranie.mtf.stuba.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image025-400x312.png\" alt class=\"img-responsive wp-image-1295\" srcset=\"https:\/\/zvaranie.mtf.stuba.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image025-200x156.png 200w, https:\/\/zvaranie.mtf.stuba.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image025-400x312.png 400w, https:\/\/zvaranie.mtf.stuba.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image025-600x468.png 600w, https:\/\/zvaranie.mtf.stuba.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image025.png 623w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/a><\/span><\/div><div class=\"fusion-separator fusion-full-width-sep\" style=\"align-self: center;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;margin-bottom:20px;width:100%;\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"fusion-separator fusion-full-width-sep\" style=\"align-self: center;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;margin-bottom:20px;width:100%;\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"fusion-image-element \" style=\"text-align:right;--awb-caption-title-font-family:var(--h2_typography-font-family);--awb-caption-title-font-weight:var(--h2_typography-font-weight);--awb-caption-title-font-style:var(--h2_typography-font-style);--awb-caption-title-size:var(--h2_typography-font-size);--awb-caption-title-transform:var(--h2_typography-text-transform);--awb-caption-title-line-height:var(--h2_typography-line-height);--awb-caption-title-letter-spacing:var(--h2_typography-letter-spacing);\"><span class=\" fusion-imageframe imageframe-dropshadow imageframe-14 hover-type-none\" style=\"border:1px solid #e2e2e2;-webkit-box-shadow: 3px 3px 7px rgba(0,0,0,0.3);box-shadow: 3px 3px 7px rgba(0,0,0,0.3);\"><a href=\"https:\/\/zvaranie.mtf.stuba.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image030-1.jpg\" class=\"fusion-lightbox\" data-rel=\"iLightbox[tzs]\" data-title=\"image030\" title=\"image030\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"305\" height=\"392\" src=\"https:\/\/zvaranie.mtf.stuba.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image030-1.jpg\" alt class=\"img-responsive wp-image-1298\" srcset=\"https:\/\/zvaranie.mtf.stuba.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image030-1-200x257.jpg 200w, https:\/\/zvaranie.mtf.stuba.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image030-1.jpg 305w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 305px\" \/><\/a><\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column_inner fusion-builder-nested-column-3 fusion_builder_column_inner_1_2 1_2 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:50%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:3.84%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:3.84%;--awb-width-medium:50%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:3.84%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:3.84%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-image-element \" style=\"text-align:left;--awb-caption-title-font-family:var(--h2_typography-font-family);--awb-caption-title-font-weight:var(--h2_typography-font-weight);--awb-caption-title-font-style:var(--h2_typography-font-style);--awb-caption-title-size:var(--h2_typography-font-size);--awb-caption-title-transform:var(--h2_typography-text-transform);--awb-caption-title-line-height:var(--h2_typography-line-height);--awb-caption-title-letter-spacing:var(--h2_typography-letter-spacing);\"><span class=\" fusion-imageframe imageframe-dropshadow imageframe-15 hover-type-none\" style=\"border:1px solid #e2e2e2;-webkit-box-shadow: 3px 3px 7px rgba(0,0,0,0.3);box-shadow: 3px 3px 7px rgba(0,0,0,0.3);\"><a href=\"https:\/\/zvaranie.mtf.stuba.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image027.png\" class=\"fusion-lightbox\" data-rel=\"iLightbox[tzs]\" data-title=\"image027\" title=\"image027\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"305\" height=\"159\" src=\"https:\/\/zvaranie.mtf.stuba.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image027.png\" alt class=\"img-responsive wp-image-1296\" srcset=\"https:\/\/zvaranie.mtf.stuba.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image027-200x104.png 200w, https:\/\/zvaranie.mtf.stuba.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image027.png 305w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 305px\" \/><\/a><\/span><\/div><div class=\"fusion-separator fusion-full-width-sep\" style=\"align-self: center;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;margin-bottom:20px;width:100%;\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"fusion-separator fusion-full-width-sep\" style=\"align-self: center;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;margin-bottom:20px;width:100%;\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"fusion-image-element \" style=\"text-align:left;--awb-caption-title-font-family:var(--h2_typography-font-family);--awb-caption-title-font-weight:var(--h2_typography-font-weight);--awb-caption-title-font-style:var(--h2_typography-font-style);--awb-caption-title-size:var(--h2_typography-font-size);--awb-caption-title-transform:var(--h2_typography-text-transform);--awb-caption-title-line-height:var(--h2_typography-line-height);--awb-caption-title-letter-spacing:var(--h2_typography-letter-spacing);\"><span class=\" fusion-imageframe imageframe-dropshadow imageframe-16 hover-type-none\" style=\"border:1px solid #e2e2e2;-webkit-box-shadow: 3px 3px 7px rgba(0,0,0,0.3);box-shadow: 3px 3px 7px rgba(0,0,0,0.3);\"><a href=\"https:\/\/zvaranie.mtf.stuba.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image029.jpg\" class=\"fusion-lightbox\" data-rel=\"iLightbox[tzs]\" data-title=\"image029\" title=\"image029\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"201\" height=\"500\" src=\"https:\/\/zvaranie.mtf.stuba.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image029.jpg\" alt class=\"img-responsive wp-image-1297\" srcset=\"https:\/\/zvaranie.mtf.stuba.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image029-200x498.jpg 200w, https:\/\/zvaranie.mtf.stuba.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image029.jpg 201w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 201px\" \/><\/a><\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-17\"><h6 style=\"text-align: center;\">Obr. 2.12 Zv\u00e1racie klie\u0161te<\/h6>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\">PR\u00cdDAVN\u00c9 MATERI\u00c1LY<\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Pri zv\u00e1ran\u00ed tlakom za studena sa spravidla nepou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa pr\u00eddavn\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly. V\u00fdnimkou je stykov\u00e9 zv\u00e1ranie nie dostato\u010dne plastick\u00fdch materi\u00e1lov a materi\u00e1lov rozdielneho chemick\u00e9ho zlo\u017eenia. Medzi materi\u00e1ly sa vklad\u00e1 medzivrstva z&nbsp;plastick\u00e9ho kovu, ktor\u00fd sa deformuje, spev\u0148uje a zvar\u00ed so sp\u00e1jan\u00fdmi dielcami [1, 11, 12, 14].<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\">PARAMETRE ZV\u00c1RANIA<\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Z\u00e1kladn\u00fdm parametrom zv\u00e1rania je zv\u00e1rac\u00ed tlak reprezentuj\u00faci redukciu zv\u00e1ran\u00fdch materi\u00e1lov (bodov\u00e9 zv\u00e1ranie, \u0161vov\u00e9 zv\u00e1ranie), dr\u00e1ha \u0161myku a relat\u00edvna r\u00fdchlos\u0165 pohybu zvarov\u00fdch pl\u00f4ch (\u0161mykov\u00e9 zv\u00e1ranie), vylo\u017eenie zv\u00e1ran\u00fdch materi\u00e1lov a d\u013a\u017eka stl\u00e1\u010dania (stykov\u00e9 zv\u00e1ranie). Zv\u00e1rac\u00ed \u010das je d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 zoh\u013ead\u0148ova\u0165 pri vysokor\u00fdchlostnom zv\u00e1ran\u00ed, kedy nemus\u00ed vznikn\u00fa\u0165 perif\u00e9rny spoj.<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\">PR\u00cdPRAVA ZVAROV\u00ddCH PL\u00d4CH<\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u010cistenie zvarov\u00fdch pl\u00f4ch pri zv\u00e1ran\u00ed tlakom za studena je jednou z&nbsp;ve\u013emi d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fdch oper\u00e1ci\u00ed. Treba pripomen\u00fa\u0165, \u017ee napr. pri bodovom zv\u00e1ran\u00ed by zvarov\u00e9 plochy nemali pr\u00eds\u0165 do styku ani s&nbsp;\u010dist\u00fdmi rukami pracovn\u00edka zabezpe\u010duj\u00faceho zv\u00e1ranie. Zvarov\u00e9 plochy maj\u00fa by\u0165 rovn\u00e9 a kolm\u00e9 na os.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Pr\u00edprava zvarov\u00fdch pl\u00f4ch sa zv\u00e4\u010d\u0161a vykon\u00e1va mechanick\u00fdm obr\u00e1ban\u00edm, nanesen\u00edm tvrd\u00fdch povlakov a v&nbsp;niektor\u00fdch pr\u00edpadoch \u017e\u00edhan\u00edm. \u017d\u00edhanie odstra\u0148uje organick\u00e9 ne\u010distoty zo zvarov\u00fdch pl\u00f4ch. Chemick\u00e9 \u010distenie pre zv\u00e1ranie ned\u00e1va dobr\u00e9 v\u00fdsledky [1, 4, 11, 14].<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\">KONTROLA KVALITY ZVAROV\u00ddCH SPOJOV<\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Kvalita zvarov\u00fdch spojov sa hodnot\u00ed de\u0161trukt\u00edvnymi a nede\u0161trukt\u00edvnymi sk\u00fa\u0161kami. Niektor\u00e9 mechanick\u00e9 sk\u00fa\u0161ky s\u00fa analogick\u00e9 so sk\u00fa\u0161kami pri spojoch vyhotoven\u00fdch elektrick\u00fdm odporov\u00fdm zv\u00e1ran\u00edm, ako napr. bodov\u00e9 zv\u00e1ranie. M\u00f4\u017eu sa testova\u0165 nam\u00e1han\u00edm spoja v\u00a0\u0165ahu, krute, \u0161myku a\u00a0pod. Kvalita rozhrania sa hodnot\u00ed metalograficky, resp. RTG spektrometriou\/mikroanal\u00fdzou, \u010di pomocou REM. Ve\u013emi jednoduch\u00e1 je sk\u00fa\u0161ka ohrevom. V&nbsp;pr\u00edpade, \u017ee s\u00fa materi\u00e1ly pri zv\u00e1ran\u00ed chemicky naviazan\u00e9 prebehne n\u00e1sledn\u00e1 dif\u00fazia cez rozhranie spoja. V&nbsp;pr\u00edpade, \u017ee to tak nie je, p\u00f4vodn\u00e9 zvarov\u00e9 plochy zoxiduj\u00fa a spoj sa rozpadne [1, 4, 14].<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\">POU\u017dITIE ZV\u00c1RANIA V\u00a0PRAXI<\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Zv\u00e1ranie tlakom za studena je vhodn\u00e9 predov\u0161etk\u00fdm pre sp\u00e1janie hlin\u00edka, medi a ich kombin\u00e1cie najm\u00e4 v&nbsp;elektrotechnike. Z&nbsp;praktick\u00fdch aplik\u00e1ci\u00ed mo\u017eno spomen\u00fa\u0165 zv\u00e1ranie Al a Cu vodi\u010dov, sp\u00e1janie dr\u00f4tov pri ich \u0165ahan\u00ed na dr\u00f4to\u0165ahoch, sp\u00fa\u0161\u0165a\u010dov dyn\u00e1m, zapa\u013eovac\u00edch cievok, plav\u00e1kov do karbur\u00e1torov, r\u00f4znych n\u00e1dob, v\u00e1kuovo tesn\u00fdch obalov, uzatv\u00e1ranie prchav\u00fdch, \u013eahko z\u00e1paln\u00fdch l\u00e1tok a pod.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Zv\u00e1ranie vodi\u010dov prepl\u00e1tovan\u00edm je uveden\u00e9 na obr. 2.13.<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-image-element \" style=\"text-align:center;--awb-caption-title-font-family:var(--h2_typography-font-family);--awb-caption-title-font-weight:var(--h2_typography-font-weight);--awb-caption-title-font-style:var(--h2_typography-font-style);--awb-caption-title-size:var(--h2_typography-font-size);--awb-caption-title-transform:var(--h2_typography-text-transform);--awb-caption-title-line-height:var(--h2_typography-line-height);--awb-caption-title-letter-spacing:var(--h2_typography-letter-spacing);\"><span class=\" fusion-imageframe imageframe-dropshadow imageframe-17 hover-type-none\" style=\"border:1px solid #e2e2e2;-webkit-box-shadow: 3px 3px 7px rgba(0,0,0,0.3);box-shadow: 3px 3px 7px rgba(0,0,0,0.3);\"><a href=\"https:\/\/zvaranie.mtf.stuba.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image031.png\" class=\"fusion-lightbox\" data-rel=\"iLightbox[tzs]\" data-title=\"image031\" title=\"image031\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"370\" src=\"https:\/\/zvaranie.mtf.stuba.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image031-600x370.png\" alt class=\"img-responsive wp-image-1299\" srcset=\"https:\/\/zvaranie.mtf.stuba.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image031-200x123.png 200w, https:\/\/zvaranie.mtf.stuba.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image031-400x247.png 400w, https:\/\/zvaranie.mtf.stuba.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image031-600x370.png 600w, https:\/\/zvaranie.mtf.stuba.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image031-800x493.png 800w, https:\/\/zvaranie.mtf.stuba.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image031.png 997w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/a><\/span><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-18\"><h6 style=\"text-align: center;\">Obr. 2.13 Princ\u00edp zv\u00e1rania vodi\u010dov prepl\u00e1tovan\u00edm [1]<\/h6>\n<p>Na obr. 2.14 je dokumentovan\u00e1 v\u00fdroba bimetalick\u00fdch t\u00fab Cu-Al.<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-image-element \" style=\"text-align:center;--awb-caption-title-font-family:var(--h2_typography-font-family);--awb-caption-title-font-weight:var(--h2_typography-font-weight);--awb-caption-title-font-style:var(--h2_typography-font-style);--awb-caption-title-size:var(--h2_typography-font-size);--awb-caption-title-transform:var(--h2_typography-text-transform);--awb-caption-title-line-height:var(--h2_typography-line-height);--awb-caption-title-letter-spacing:var(--h2_typography-letter-spacing);\"><span class=\" fusion-imageframe imageframe-dropshadow imageframe-18 hover-type-none\" style=\"border:1px solid #e2e2e2;-webkit-box-shadow: 3px 3px 7px rgba(0,0,0,0.3);box-shadow: 3px 3px 7px rgba(0,0,0,0.3);\"><a href=\"https:\/\/zvaranie.mtf.stuba.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image033.png\" class=\"fusion-lightbox\" data-rel=\"iLightbox[tzs]\" data-title=\"image033\" title=\"image033\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"444\" src=\"https:\/\/zvaranie.mtf.stuba.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image033-600x444.png\" alt class=\"img-responsive wp-image-1300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/zvaranie.mtf.stuba.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image033-200x148.png 200w, https:\/\/zvaranie.mtf.stuba.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image033-400x296.png 400w, https:\/\/zvaranie.mtf.stuba.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image033-600x444.png 600w, https:\/\/zvaranie.mtf.stuba.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image033-800x591.png 800w, https:\/\/zvaranie.mtf.stuba.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image033.png 1131w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/a><\/span><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-19\"><h6 style=\"text-align: center;\">Obr. 2.14 V\u00fdroba bimetalick\u00fdch t\u00fab Cu-Al tlakom za studena \u0165ahan\u00edm [1]\n1 \u2013 Cu, 2 \u2013 Al, 3 \u2013 \u0165ahacia stolica, 4 \u2013 lisovnica, 5 \u2013 t\u0155\u0148, 6 \u2013 up\u00ednacie zariadenie.<\/h6>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\">V\u00fdhody technol\u00f3gie<\/h2>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>spoj vznik\u00e1 bez nadmernej produkcie tepla,<\/li>\n<li>nedoch\u00e1dza k\u00a0zhrubnutiu zrna v\u00a0TOZ ako pri tavn\u00fdch sp\u00f4soboch zv\u00e1rania,<\/li>\n<li>v\u00a0oblasti spoja nevznik\u00e1 lejacia \u0161trukt\u00fara,<\/li>\n<li>v\u00a0oblasti spoja nevznikaj\u00fa krehk\u00e9 intermetalick\u00e9 f\u00e1zy,<\/li>\n<li>je mo\u017en\u00e9 zv\u00e1ra\u0165 materi\u00e1ly navz\u00e1jom nerozpustn\u00e9,<\/li>\n<li>v\u00a0oblasti zvaru je v\u00a0d\u00f4sledku vysok\u00e9ho stup\u0148a deform\u00e1cie jemnozrnn\u00e1 \u0161trukt\u00fara,<\/li>\n<li>zv\u00e1ranie je mo\u017en\u00e9 realizova\u0165 aj na be\u017en\u00fdch tv\u00e1rniacich zariadeniach,<\/li>\n<li>nie s\u00fa zvl\u00e1\u0161tne n\u00e1roky na kvalifik\u00e1ciu zv\u00e1ra\u010dov.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\">Nev\u00fdhody technol\u00f3gie<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00fazky sortiment materi\u00e1lov, ktor\u00e9 je mo\u017en\u00e9 takto zv\u00e1ra\u0165,<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">limitovan\u00e1 ve\u013ekos\u0165 prierezov zv\u00e1ran\u00fdch materi\u00e1lov.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-20\"><h2>Literat\u00fara<\/h2>\n<p>[1]\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 TUR\u0147A, M.: \u0160peci\u00e1lne met\u00f3dy zv\u00e1rania. Alfa. Bratislava, 1989, ISBN 80-05-00097-9<\/p>\n<p>[2]\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 KUNCIP\u00c1L, J., PILOUS, V., DUNOVSK\u00dd, J.: Nov\u00e9 technologie ve sva\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed. SNTL. Praha, 1984<\/p>\n<p>[3]\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 VASILKO, K. a kol.: Nov\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly a technol\u00f3gie ich spracovania. Alfa. Bratislava, 1990<\/p>\n<p>[4]\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 ASM Handbook Vol. 6. Welding, Brazing and Soldering. USA, 1995<\/p>\n<p>[5]\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 READY, J.F.: LIA Handbook of Laser Materials Processing. LIA. Magnolia Publishing, Inc. USA, 2001<\/p>\n<p>[6]\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Metals Handbook. Vol. 5. Melting and Casting. ASM. USA, 1972<\/p>\n<p>[7]\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 CALLISTER, W.D.: Materials Science and Engineering An Introduction. John Wiley and Sons, Inc. New York, 2000<\/p>\n<p>[8]\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 FORESTER, T.: The Materials Revolution. MIT Press, USA, 1988<\/p>\n<p>[9]\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 STENGER, H.: Extrusion. ASM Metals Park. Ohio, 1981<\/p>\n<p>[10]\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 CORNU, J., WESTON, J.: Advanced Welding Systems. TIG and Related Processes. IFS, 1988<\/p>\n<p>[11]\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 HRIV\u0147\u00c1K, I.: Theory of Weldability of Metals and Alloys. Elsevier, 1992<\/p>\n<p>[12]\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 KOVA\u010c\u00d3CY, P.: \u0160peci\u00e1lne met\u00f3dy zv\u00e1rania. Cvi\u010denia. MtF STU. Trnava, 2003<\/p>\n<p>[13]\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 SMITH, L.M. CELANT, M.: CASTI Handbook of Cladding Technology. ASM Intl, Edmonton 2000<\/p>\n<p>[14]\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 DUNOVSK\u00dd, J.: Speci\u00e1ln\u00ed metody sva\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed. FS \u010cVUT Praha, 2002<\/p>\n<p>[15]\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 BAY, N.: Mechanisms Producing Metallic Bonds in Cold Welding, Welding Research Supplement, 1983, 137s-142s, Corpus ID: 201680257.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":204,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"100-width.php","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-134","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zvaranie.mtf.stuba.sk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/134","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zvaranie.mtf.stuba.sk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zvaranie.mtf.stuba.sk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zvaranie.mtf.stuba.sk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zvaranie.mtf.stuba.sk\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=134"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/zvaranie.mtf.stuba.sk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/134\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1305,"href":"https:\/\/zvaranie.mtf.stuba.sk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/134\/revisions\/1305"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zvaranie.mtf.stuba.sk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/204"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zvaranie.mtf.stuba.sk\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=134"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}